Morphological and structural development of hardwood cellulose during mechanochemical pretreatment in solid state through pan-milling

Zhang, Wei; Liang, Mei; Lu, Canhui

doi:10.1007/s10570-007-9135-y

Cited by 91 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…For example, softwood species contain cellulose of 52 to 62% crystallinity (1,24) and the value for switchgrass is 55% (12), which compares with a value of 65% for poplar (38). This higher value is close to the range (66 to 75%) for the form of cellulose (Avicel) (18) used as a model substrate in the growth studies reported here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Efficient Degradation of Lignocellulosic Plant Biomass, without Pretreatment, by the Thermophilic Anaerobe “ Anaerocellum thermophilum ” DSM 6725

Yang

Kataeva

Hamilton-Brehm

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

190

184

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Very few cultivated microorganisms can degrade lignocellulosic biomass without chemical pretreatment. We show here that "Anaerocellum thermophilum" DSM 6725, an anaerobic bacterium that grows optimally at 75°C, efficiently utilizes various types of untreated plant biomass, as well as crystalline cellulose and xylan. These include hardwoods such as poplar, low-lignin grasses such as napier and Bermuda grasses, and high-lignin grasses such as switchgrass. The organism did not utilize only the soluble fraction of the untreated biomass, since insoluble plant biomass (as well as cellulose and xylan) obtained after washing at 75°C for 18 h also served as a growth substrate. The predominant end products from all growth substrates were hydrogen, acetate, and lactate. Glucose and cellobiose (on crystalline cellulose) and xylose and xylobiose (on xylan) also accumulated in the growth media during growth on the defined substrates but not during growth on the plant biomass. A. thermophilum DSM 6725 grew well on first-and second-spent biomass derived from poplar and switchgrass, where spent biomass is defined as the insoluble growth substrate recovered after the organism has reached late stationary phase. No evidence was found for the direct attachment of A. thermophilum DSM 6725 to the plant biomass. This organism differs from the closely related strain A. thermophilum Z-1320 in its ability to grow on xylose and pectin. Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus DSM 8903 (optimum growth temperature, 70°C), a close relative of A. thermophilum DSM 6725, grew well on switchgrass but not on poplar, indicating a significant difference in the biomass-degrading abilities of these two otherwise very similar organisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Efficient Degradation of Lignocellulosic Plant Biomass, without Pretreatment, by the Thermophilic Anaerobe “ Anaerocellum thermophilum ” DSM 6725

Yang

Kataeva

Hamilton-Brehm

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

190

184

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“…Both mechanical and chemical treatments revealed an improvement in thermal stability although the pulverised sample was lowest compared to all chemically treated maize stalks. Zhang et al [26] and Ouajai et al [27] studied morphology of wood cellulose during milling with pan and ball mill respectively. In contrast to this study, the thermal stability of pan-milled and ball milled cellulose was gradually decreased with the milling cycles and it was attributed to the reduction of crystalline cellulose and increase of amorphous cellulose which has a lower thermal stability.…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy (Sem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkali Treatment and Cellulose Nanowhiskers Extracted from Maize Stalk Residues

Motaung¹,

Mtibe²

2015

MSA

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The aim of this study was to investigate the use of effect of pulveriser and extraction of cellulosenanowhiskers (CNWs) on Maize stalks. Maize stalk residues were first subjected to a cutting mill for size reduction purified using mechanical, chemical extraction and bleaching. After chemical extraction, high quality cellulose resulted and cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) were then extracted using chemical acid hydrolysis. The chemical compositions and mechanical properties of the maize stalk residues were examined before and after purification by using standard methods, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphology and dimensions of the isolated cellulose nanowhiskers were characterized using atomic force microscope (AFM). The crystallinity index increased upon mechanical and chemical extraction. Thermal stability of cellulose derived from maize stalk improved with chemical treatment due to new functional groups introduced on the surface and enhancement in crystallinity. Highly dispersed cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs) were successfully extracted from maize stalk residues with diameters ranging between 3 and 7 nm, length ranges between 150 -450 nm, respectively.

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“…The main degradation point should have been at the glycosidic bonds, 14 which was also demonstrated by 13 C-NMR analysis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 73%

Solid state mechano‐chemical grafting copolymerization of hydroxyethyl cellulose with acrylic acid

Chen

et al. 2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The effects of mechanochemical treatment on hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and its grafting reaction with acrylic acid (AA) under solvent-free conditions were studied through a vibratory ball-milling machine, which was developed in our laboratory. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and 13 C-NMR analysis were used to investigate the structural development of HEC during vibromilling and the grafting mechanism. Further development of the structure and properties of the graft copolymer was characterized by viscosity measurement, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and thermal gravity (TG) analysis. The FTIR results showed a new peak at 1720 cm À1 , corresponding to the C¼ ¼O absorbance peak of AA, which indicated that AA was successfully grafted onto HEC during the high-energy vibromilling of the HEC/AA mixture at ambient temperature in the absence of a solvent and a catalyst. The WAXD showed the destruction of crystals of HEC during the milling, and the TG analysis demonstrated the improvement of the thermal stability of the copolymer. The effects of the processing conditions on the grafting rate and grafting efficiency were studied by chemical titration to determine the optimum grafting conditions.

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Morphological and structural development of hardwood cellulose during mechanochemical pretreatment in solid state through pan-milling

Cited by 91 publications

References 18 publications

Efficient Degradation of Lignocellulosic Plant Biomass, without Pretreatment, by the Thermophilic Anaerobe “ Anaerocellum thermophilum ” DSM 6725

Efficient Degradation of Lignocellulosic Plant Biomass, without Pretreatment, by the Thermophilic Anaerobe “ Anaerocellum thermophilum ” DSM 6725

Alkali Treatment and Cellulose Nanowhiskers Extracted from Maize Stalk Residues

Solid state mechano‐chemical grafting copolymerization of hydroxyethyl cellulose with acrylic acid

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