Morphological characteristics of poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) microparticles synthesized by suspension polymerization

Rodrigo, Raúl; Toro, Claudio; Cuellar, Jorge

doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2012.08.006

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Additionally, to ensure the stabilization of the dispersion throughout the suspension polymerization process, the values of the synthesis conditions given in Table I were selected to obtain microparticles with optimized morphological characteristics. 28,29 Details of the polymerization procedure have been reported previously. 28 …”

Section: Synthesis Of Gel-type Polymeric Microparticles Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within this field of research, in an earlier work, 28 we reported a thorough investigation of the influence on the morphological characteristics of the final solid polymeric microparticles, of certain factors related to the synthesis conditions, and the values of the factors at which the stabilization of the dispersion persisted throughout the suspension polymerization process were determined. Here, continuing along this avenue of enquiry, we have performed an investigation aimed at studying the effects of the geometric factors of the experimental device on microparticle size and on their size distribution in which one requirement was to maintain the quality of the microparticles as regards agglomeration and sphericity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of the geometric factors of the experimental device used in suspension polymerization on the properties of poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) microparticles

Rodrigo

Toro

Cuellar

2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The prediction of the final particle size for reactive systems such as the reactions of suspension polymerization is a complex matter. Thus, the preparation of very small microparticles is specially challenging, probably because of the coalescence of the polymeric beads taking place during the later stages of the polymerization. In this work, very small gel-type styrene-co-divinylbenzene beads were synthesized by using a previously determined set of experimental synthesis conditions in which the stabilization of the dispersion of the monomeric droplets was ensured, and, under these conditions, the factors related to the geometry of the experimental device were modified to determine their actual effect on the final size of the microparticles. From the experimental results, a very simple and useful model was obtained that was able to predict the final size of the microparticles as a function of the values of the geometric factors of the reactor. This model indicates that the most influential factors in the final size of the microparticles are the liquid depth inside the reactor and the stirrer diameter; thus, an increase in the liquid depth produces larger particles, and, conversely, the particle size decreases when using larger stirrer diameters. Additionally, the model permits the design of polymerization experiments aimed at obtaining microparticles with a diameter smaller than 50 lm.

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Section: Synthesis Of Gel-type Polymeric Microparticles Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the geometric factors of the experimental device used in suspension polymerization on the properties of poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) microparticles

Rodrigo

Toro

Cuellar

2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…In principle, a balance between the rate of drop breakup and coalescence determines the size of drops in a suspension polymerization . Therefore, the drop size is strongly influenced by several parameters such as densities and viscosities of continuous and dispersed phases, interfacial tension, type and concentration of stabilizing agent, dispersed phase holdup (styrene/water ratio v/v), kinetics of polymerization, as well as the fluid dynamic of the system established by the turbulent mixing …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4] Therefore, the drop size is strongly influenced by several parameters such as densities and viscosities of continuous and dispersed phases, interfacial tension, type and concentration of stabilizing agent, dispersed phase holdup (styrene/water ratio v/v), kinetics of polymerization, as well as the fluid dynamic of the system established by the turbulent mixing. [2,[5][6][7] Most part of the commercial production of vinyl resins by suspension polymerization reactions are performed in discontinuous processes. Polymerization industries prefer stirred tank reactors operating in a batch way rather than continuous flow reactors (e.g., continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and tubular) due to their operational facilities and flexibility of production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and CFD Study of a Vertically Stirred Tubular Reactor Designed for Suspension Polymerization Reactions

Nogueira

Quadri

Machado

et al. 2016

Macro Reaction Engineering

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Front Cover: Nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP) with SG1/based initiators is used to prepare hydroxy-ethyl methacrylate (HEMA)-rich copolymers using a small fraction ≈ 10 mol% of co-monomer, acrylonitrile (AN). HEMA/AN copolymerizations exhibit linear degree of polymerization versus conversion with low dispersity (Đ = 1.3-1.4) and good chain end fidelity. Further details can be found in the article by Wenwen Mei, and Milan Maric, article number 1600067.

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“…As stated previously, taking into account that the final aim of this study was to find a mathematical relationship between the operating conditions of the synthesis in both the chloromethylation and the amination processes and the degree of functionalization attained in each case, in this study, we carried out the manufacture of anion‐exchange resins by chloromethylation and the further amination of P(St–DVB) microparticles, and the accomplishment of the main aim was approached by means of the determination by multiple linear regression of the quantitative influence of the experimental conditions used in the chloromethylation of polystyrene‐based microparticles previously obtained in our laboratory on the anion‐exchange capacity (AEC) of the solid. Furthermore, the efficiency of the amination ( Y AM ) was tested by comparison of the values of the chlorine content derived from elemental microanalysis and those calculated from the values of AEC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of chloromethylated and aminated gel‐type poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) microparticles with controlled degree of functionalization

Rodrigo

Toro

Cuellar

2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The possibility of adjusting the degree of hydrophilic functionalization in polymeric microparticles with a hydrophobic skeleton makes it possible to obtain adsorbents and catalyst microparticles that may show better performance. In this regard, in this study, gel‐type poly(styrene‐co‐divinyl benzene) microparticles were chloromethylated and subsequently aminated, and the quantitative effect of the chloromethylation reaction conditions on the final degree of functionalization achieved were examined. In the chloromethylation route, methylal, thionyl chloride, and a Friedel–Craft catalyst were used. From the experimental results, two models were obtained by multiple linear regression relating the chloromethylation conditions to the anion‐exchange capacity (AEC) achieved and to the replaceable chlorine content, according to which the achievement of a high degree of useful functionalization within the microparticles entailed chloromethylation with low methylal/polymer molar ratios and high thionyl chloride/polymer molar ratios, relatively high temperatures, and short reaction times; all of these values were within the ranges used in this study. Additionally, we found that the highest values of AEC could be reached with a methylal/thionyl chloride molar ratio close to unity. The models obtained could be useful for the synthesis of microparticles with required degrees of functionalization, that is, with the chosen hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity ratio. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4054–4065, 2013

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Morphological characteristics of poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) microparticles synthesized by suspension polymerization

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Influence of the geometric factors of the experimental device used in suspension polymerization on the properties of poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) microparticles

Influence of the geometric factors of the experimental device used in suspension polymerization on the properties of poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) microparticles

Experimental and CFD Study of a Vertically Stirred Tubular Reactor Designed for Suspension Polymerization Reactions

Preparation of chloromethylated and aminated gel‐type poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) microparticles with controlled degree of functionalization

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