Morphological differences between wild and farmed Mediterranean fish

Arechavala-López, Pablo; Sánchez-Jérez, Pablo; Bayle-Sempere, Just T.; Sfakianakis, D. G.; Somarakis, Stylianos

doi:10.1007/s10750-011-0886-y

Cited by 44 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Also, the stocky body shape of reared gilthead sea bream is greatly determined by selection programs applied in hatcheries. Comparative morphology between wild and farmed gilthead sea bream in the Mediterranean confirmed that the majority of producers target a body shape with a higher body height (H/SL, B5) (Brown 2003, Hurtado-Rodriguez et al 2010, Rogdakis et al 2011, Arechavala-Lopez et al 2012b. The indirect result of such selection may be the reduction of anal length (AL/SL) and trunk length (TR/SL) in farmed fish, which consequently leads to a longer tail (LCA/SL) (see Tables 1 & 2 for abbreviations and ratios).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Furthermore, different broodstock origins have shown different head shapes throughout the Mediterranean, i.e. with a rounded snout with slight prognathism (Grigorakis et al 2002), longer head (Rogdakis et al 2011), and smaller snout (Arechavala-Lopez et al 2012b) in comparison to wild fish. These shapes may be related to different parental phenotypes; however, their use as selection criteria is limited (Brown 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological and molecular differentiation of wild and farmed gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata: implications for management

Šegvić-Bubić¹,

Talijančić²,

Grubišić³

et al. 2014

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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A combination of molecular and morphological characteristics was used to investigate populations of wild and farmed gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata from the largest Croatian shellfish production area, Mali Ston Bay. Identification of farmed escapees was performed in the wild in order to evaluate and compare the detection sensitivity of molecular and morphological tools. Using a traditional set of measurements and a truss network system, morphometric trait analysis of gilthead sea bream showed clear body shape differences between individuals from the wild and farmed populations. Microsatellite markers only revealed weak neutral genetic differentiation between farmed and wild samples from Mali Ston Bay (Wright's F ST = 0.019, p > 0.05; Jost's D EST = 0.022), despite the fact that the farmed gilthead sea bream were of Atlantic origin. Using assignment tests, morphological (16%) and molecular (25%) analysis identified farmed escapees in the samples of wild gilthead sea bream in the vicinity of aquaculture sites. Morphological data showed good potential for distinguishing recent escapees in wild populations, since these characteristics are affected by the environment. This study demonstrates the presence of escapees in the local wild population in this region, and suggests the potential for genetic interaction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and molecular differentiation of wild and farmed gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata: implications for management

Šegvić-Bubić¹,

Talijančić²,

Grubišić³

et al. 2014

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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“…Farmed seabass have been identified in the wild using morphology (Arechavala-Lopez et al 2012a), fatty acid analysis (Bell et al 2007), scale and otolith analysis (Arechavala-Lopez et al 2012b), microsatellite DNA markers (Bahri-Sfar et al 2005, Loukovitis et al 2015 and mitochondrial DNA markers (Patarnello et al 1993). However, genetic identification is considered the most informative method of determining the fate of escapees in the long term, as it is not subject to environmentally induced changes and also allows for the identification of descendants of escaped fish (Blohm et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and survival of escaped European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax in Cyprus identified using genetic markers

Brown¹,

Miltiadou²,

Tsigenopoulos³

2015

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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The escape of European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax (L.) from fish farms is considered to be a widespread problem in the Mediterranean area, where this species is produced in large quantities in offshore cages. Whilst estimates of the number of escaped seabass in the wild have been made previously, the actual distribution, long-term survival and the potential effects on native populations remain largely unknown. This study characterises the genetic profiles of all contemporary and some historic aquaculture sources of European seabass in Cyprus and uses these profiles to identify escaped fish in seabass collected from the wild around the island. Significant differences in the microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA marker profiles were found between farmed and wild fish. The number of escapees identified was 15% of the total number of wild-caught fish sampled. However, escapees were not equally distributed; at one location ~70% of wild-caught fish were escapees while in other areas escapees only accounted for up to 4%. Escapees were present in all size classes of fish, but the majority were of commercial size (300−500 g) typical of seabass farmed in seacages. This indicates that they may have escaped recently and during normal aquaculture operations as no escape event was reported in the course of the study. Two large, egg-bearing females and some juvenile fish were also classified as escapees, which suggests that long-term survival and interbreeding with wild fish is possible in Cypriot waters.

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“…By contrast, in the salemas, with an oval-bodied shape, hovering and short swimming bursts increased more noticeably the body height. In this sense, Arechavala-Lopez et al (2011) noted similar morphological differences between farmed and wild fish in European sea bass (fusiform body) and in gilthead seabream (oval body).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Independently of ecological and taxonomical considerations, comparative studies between reared and wild fish have usually shown a smaller head and a blocky-belly body in the farmed fishes. This has been found in coho salmon Oncorhynchus kitsutch (Walbaum, 1792) (Swaine et al, 1991), turbot Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Ellis et al, 1997), sharpsnout seabream Diplodus puntazzo (Walbaum, 1792) (Sarà et al, 1999), gilthead seabream (Loy et al, 1999;Grigorakis et al, 2002;Arechavala-Lopez et al, 2011;Š egvić-Bubić et al, 2014), European sea bass (Loy et al, 2000;Arechavala-Lopez et al, 2011), European perch Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758 (Mairesse et al, 2005), sterlet Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus, 1758 (Lenhardt et al, 2012) and silversides Odontesthes spp. (Crichigno et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Phenotypic plasticity in wild marine fishes associated with fish-cage aquaculture

et al. 2015

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Two opportunistic fish species associated with fish farms, bogue (Boops boops) and salema (Sarpa salpa), were studied to infer whether changes in their feeding habits may cause a phenotypic response in body and otolith shape. Specimens were collected close to aquaculture cage sites, called 'wildfarmed fish', and from control sites far away from these areas, called 'wild fish'. The fish body shapes were examined with geometric morphometric analysis using 21 landmarks. The otolith contours were analysed using wavelet function, whereas otolith weights were used as indicators of fish growth rates. Statistically significant differences were observed in body shape between wild-farmed fish and wild fish of both species. The wild-farmed fish had a smaller head and eye, and in bogue also a slighter snout curvature and head depth. Otolith shape and weight did not differ between groups in bogue. By contrast, there were significant differences in otolith shape and weight between groups in salema. A complementary study in salema indicated that the wild-farmed fishes grew more in weight and accumulated higher concentrations of 'terrestrial fatty acids' (linoleic and alphalinolenic acids), which are used in fish feeds. Our findings clearly demonstrated an influence of coastal sea cages on metabolism of some wild fishes.

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Morphological differences between wild and farmed Mediterranean fish

Cited by 44 publications

References 58 publications

Morphological and molecular differentiation of wild and farmed gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata: implications for management

Morphological and molecular differentiation of wild and farmed gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata: implications for management

Prevalence and survival of escaped European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax in Cyprus identified using genetic markers

Phenotypic plasticity in wild marine fishes associated with fish-cage aquaculture

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