Morphological differences of immature stages between males and females in a Korean wood‐feeding cockroach (cryptocercus kyebangensis)

Life history and population dynamics of Korean woodroach (Cryptocercus kyebangensis) populations

“…Molts were observed frequently in June and July for the individuals of Category III and IV, and in May for those in Category VI. Individuals of Category I had head width of 1.97 ±0.06 mm) and it corresponds to that (1.92 ±0.06 mm) of the fifth instar previously reported by Park and Choe (2003c; Table 1).…”

“…Their finding that instar classes of early nymphs were distinguished obviously by head width corresponds well to the present results (Table 1). According to the peaks in the graph (Park and Choe, 2003c; Fig. 1), however, the determination of instars are not always obvious in older nymphs, especially in individuals with head width between about 2.5 mm and 3.5 mm.…”

“…Recently, Park and Choe (2003c) categorized older nymphs as well as the young. Based on head widths of field-caught individuals, Park and Choe (2003c) suggested 11 instars of C. kyebangensis. Their finding that instar classes of early nymphs were distinguished obviously by head width corresponds well to the present results (Table 1).…”

“…According to Park et al (2002), the term of about 4yrs is needed to reach adulthood in the field. Based on head width of field-caught individuals, the categories of 11 instars were also identified (Park and Choe, 2003c). Because size variation in field-collected insects is typically high in later instars of cockroaches, however, further studies are required to determine the number of instars.…”

Body Size and Termite Evolution

“…In termites, juvenilization occurred within a very specific and specialized environment, and must be examined in that context. (2004), Hill (1942), Light (1933), Light and Zimmerman (1936), Miura et al (2000), Nalepa et al ( , 2001b, Nickle and Collins (1989), Park and Choe (2003), Scheffrahn et al (1998), Sewell and Gay (1978), Snyder (1954), Sumner (1933), Ware et al (2010) Cuticle In addition to being biomechanically challenging and difficult to digest, a third property of a wood diet is that it is very low in nitrogen. It is universally recognized that nitrogen is the currency of life history tradeoffs in wood feeding insects because of the mismatch between the nitrogen content of the consumers (generally 8-12% N) (Matsumoto 1976;Nalepa and Mullins 1992) and their food source (0.03-0.15% N) (Cowling and Merrill 1966;LaFage and Nutting 1978;Brune and Ohkuma 2011).…”