Morphological diversity of Pistacia species in Iran

Abstract

Pistachio is one of the most important horticultural crops in Iran. Selection of suitable genotypes, resistant to unfavorable environmental and soil conditions and diseases, are important for increasing yield efficiency and the acreage of this important crop. The aim of this research was to evaluate wild pistachio species and genotypes native to Iran and also to determine any relationships that exist according to their phenotypical characteristics. A total of 11 pistachio types in situ from Kerman and Fars provinces and ex situ from the Iranian Pistachio Research Institute (IPRI) were used during the research. Thirty-one morphological characteristics (17 quantitative and 14 qualitative) were evaluated based on the pistachio descriptor (IPGRI). Results from simple correlation analyses showed significant positive and negative correlations in certain important characteristics. Nut thickness and weight were in significant correlation with the size (dimensions) of the leaves and terminal leaflets. Factor analysis was used to determine the effective characteristics and the number of main factors. For each factor loading a value of more than 0.65 was judged as being significant. Effective characteristics were categorized into seven main factors that contributed to 94% of the overall variance. Leaf and nut characteristics were defined mainly by the first factor contributing to 40% of the total variance. Pistachio genotypes were clustered based on seven factors and at a similarity distance of 10, these were further divided into three sub-clusters each consisting of genotypes belonging to species P. vera L., P. khinjuk Stocks. and P. atlantica Desf. Based on the results, P. khinjuk was located between the other two species, but resembled P. atlantica more than P. vera.

Genetic relationships among Pistacia species studied by SAMPL markers

“…In contrast to the findings of Karimi et al (2009b), this study showed that P. atlantica and P. atlantica subsp. mutica were very similar and should be considered the same species.…”

“…Similar studies (Karimi et al 2009b have shown that the closest species to P. vera is P. eurycarpa, followed by P. atlantica. Zohary (1972) found that P. eurycarpa, which has larger fruits and ovate and few paired leaflets, closely resembles to P. vera.…”

Some Fruit Characteristics of Selected Cornelian Cherries (Cornus mas L.) from Montenegro

“…In addition, morphological characteristics sometimes have correlation or are associated with characteristics that are difficult to evaluate such as disease susceptibility. Therefore, they may be useful as markers in breeding programs (Karimi et al 2009;Koc and Bilgener 2013;Radivojevic et al 2014).…”

The Effect of Ethanol Baneh Skin Extract on the Expressions of Bcl - 2, Bax, and Caspase - 3 Concentration in Human Prostate Cancer pc3 Cells

“…Wild Pistachio is named Beneh in Iran. Beneh trees, Pistacia atlantica subsp, mutica, from Anacardiaceae family have been growing throughout the central, eastern, and western, parts of Iran (10). Beneh fruit has been used for a diversity of medicinal and nutritional target (11).…”