Morphological evolution in nanocrystalline CdS thin films from flowers to salt rock like structures

Thermally driven structural phase transformation and dislocation density of CdS nanoparticles precipitated without surfactant in KOH alkaline medium

“…Pure CdS is attained since no other peaks due to impurities are observed. Also, the cubic CdS possess the preferential orientation plane of (111) with a broad pattern of XRD line, which confirms the formation of CdS in nanoparticles size and can also indicate the amorphous behavior of the sample (Ji et al 2019;Saxenaa et al 2018). Moreover, the diffraction peaks become slightly broader for the sample annealed at 160 o C, implying that finer CdS nanoparticles are produced at this temperature than those without annealing.…”

“…This is because the quantum confinement effect present in the nano-sized semiconductor shows unique physical and chemical properties, such as size-dependent bandgap shifts Dris et al 2012;Sheng et al 2017). CdS have become one of the magnetic materials among the II-IV group semiconductor compounds due to its direct wider optical bandwidth of 2.42 eV at room temperature and the existing nonlinear optical properties (Abdel-Galil et al 2017;Ayodhya et al 2015;Hussein et al 2019;Landeros et al 2019;Martínez-Landeros et al 2019;Shkir et al 2020;Saxenaa et al 2018;Yang et al 2019). CdS nano-sized semiconductors have already been widely used as optical sensors, transistors, solar batteries, photo-electrocatalysis, as well as luminescence devices, laser, light-emitting diodes, detectors, and also in antibacterial activity (Göde, 2019;Hussein et al 2019;Ji et al, 2019;Martínez-Landeros et al 2019;Priya et al 2018;Saxenaa et al 2018;Sonker et al 2020;Yang et al 2019).…”

“…CdS have become one of the magnetic materials among the II-IV group semiconductor compounds due to its direct wider optical bandwidth of 2.42 eV at room temperature and the existing nonlinear optical properties (Abdel-Galil et al 2017;Ayodhya et al 2015;Hussein et al 2019;Landeros et al 2019;Martínez-Landeros et al 2019;Shkir et al 2020;Saxenaa et al 2018;Yang et al 2019). CdS nano-sized semiconductors have already been widely used as optical sensors, transistors, solar batteries, photo-electrocatalysis, as well as luminescence devices, laser, light-emitting diodes, detectors, and also in antibacterial activity (Göde, 2019;Hussein et al 2019;Ji et al, 2019;Martínez-Landeros et al 2019;Priya et al 2018;Saxenaa et al 2018;Sonker et al 2020;Yang et al 2019). CdS is also an n-type semiconducting material and acts as a window layer for solar cell fabrication due to its high value of transmittance and band gap width (Martínez-Landeros et al, 2019;Shkir et al 2020).…”

“…Hence, various physical and chemical methods have been proposed to produce the metal sulfides nanoparticles, such as the hydrothermal, solvothermal, precipitation, colloidal, sonochemical, and biosynthesis and sol-gel methods (Ayodhya & Veerabhadram, 2019;Dris et al 2013;Hussein et al 2019;Mohamed et al 2020;Priya et al 2018;Sonker et al 2020;Wilson & Ahamed, 2019;Yang et al 2019). The nanomaterial properties could be perfectly adjusted by the shape and morphology to meet the requirement and performance of the final product (Saxenaa et al, 2018). Therefore, it is reported that CdS nanostructure has been successfully synthesized with different morphologies of nanospheres, nanotubes, nanowires, hollow spheres, and flower-like structures (Yang et al, 2019).…”

Optical properties of CdS nanocrystalline thin films in the abrupt phase transition from zinc blende to wurtzite

“…As nanocrystals, WZ and ZB phases are stable at standard conditions, while RS is stable only at high pressures. However, recently, the WZ-to-RS transformation in nanocrystalline flower-shaped CdS at atmospheric pressure has been reported [14]. The direct band gap (E g ) of nanodimensional WZ and ZB phases can oscillate between 2.42 to 3.85 eV depending on the crystallite size and morphology [15].…”