Morphological investigation of cellulose acetate/cellulose nanocrystal composites obtained by melt extrusion

Leite, Liliane Samara Ferreira; Battirola, Liliane Cristina; Silva, Laura C. E. da; Gonçalves, Maria do Carmo

doi:10.1002/app.44201

Cited by 21 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Cellulose acetate (CA)/CNC nanocomposite prepared by melt extrusion with a plasticizer (triethyl citrate) also had improved mechanical properties (a 14% increase in the Young’s modulus) when the predispersion of CNC in the CA solution was performed prior to the melt extrusion [ 166 ]. The predispersion method was found to also be better in terms of the distribution of CNC in the CA matrix compared to the direct mixing method.…”

Section: Polymer Nanocomposites Reinforced By Cncmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Nanocellulose Composites with Polymers: A Guide for Choosing Partners and How to Incorporate Them

2018

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Abstract:In recent years, the research on nanocellulose composites with polymers has made significant contributions to the development of functional and sustainable materials. This review outlines the chemistry of the interaction between the nanocellulose and the polymer matrix, along with the extent of the reinforcement in their nanocomposites. In order to fabricate well-defined nanocomposites, the type of nanomaterial and the selection of the polymer matrix are always crucial from the viewpoint of polymer-filler compatibility for the desired reinforcement and specific application. In this review, recent articles on polymer/nanocellulose composites were taken into account to provide a clear understanding on how to use the surface functionalities of nanocellulose and to choose the polymer matrix in order to produce the nanocomposite. Here, we considered cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and cellulose nanofiber (CNF) as the nanocellulosic materials. A brief discussion on their synthesis and properties was also incorporated. This review, overall, is a guide to help in designing polymer/nanocellulose composites through the utilization of nanocellulose properties and the selection of functional polymers, paving the way to specific polymer-filler interaction.

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Section: Polymer Nanocomposites Reinforced By Cncmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Nanocellulose Composites with Polymers: A Guide for Choosing Partners and How to Incorporate Them

2018

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“…Amongst mineral acids, the application of phosphoric acid allowed for the production of nanocrystalline cellulose with higher thermal stability in comparison to sulphuric acid hydrolysis [4,11]. Other approaches employed in cellulose hydrolysis included, for example, application of hydrochloric acid [12,13], a mixture of acetic and nitric acid [14], and formic or hydrobromic acid [15,16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals with Succinic Anhydride

et al. 2019

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The surface modification of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) is a key intermediate step in the development of new functionalities and the tailoring of nanomaterial properties for specific applications. In the area of polymeric nanocomposites, apart from good interfacial adhesion, the high thermal stability of cellulose nanomaterial is vitally required for the stable processing and improvement of material properties. In this respect, the heterogeneous esterification of CNC with succinic anhydride was investigated in this work in order to obtain CNC with optimised surface and thermal properties. The influence of reaction parameters, such as time, temperature, and molar ratio of reagents, on the structure, morphology and thermal properties, were systematically studied over a wide range of values by DLS, FTIR, XPS, WAXD, SEM and TGA methods. It was found that the degree of surface substitution of CNC increased with the molar ratio of succinic anhydride to cellulose hydroxyl groups (SA:OH), as well as the reaction time, whilst the temperature of reaction showed a moderate effect on the degree of esterification in the range of 70–110 °C. The studies on the thermal stability of modified nanoparticles indicated that there is a critical extent of surface esterification below which only a slight decrease of the initial temperature of degradation was observed in pyrolytic and oxidative atmospheres. A significant reduction of CNC thermal stability was observed only for the longest reaction time (240 min) and the highest molar ratio of SA:OH. This illustrates the possibility of manufacturing thermally stable, succinylated, CNC by controlling the reaction conditions and the degree of esterification.

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“…Regarding modification of CNC for mixing with CA, modification with 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride has been recently reported [ 22 ]. Nevertheless, thanks to the ability to disperse CNC in some polar aprotic solvents [ 23 ], the use of non-modified CNC with CA has been reported [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Water of CNC aqueous suspension was first removed and exchanged by another polar aprotic solvent such as such as DMF, DMSO, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), then CNC was dispersed by applying ultrasonic or mechanical treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocomposite Film Based on Cellulose Acetate and Lignin-Rich Rice Straw Nanofibers

et al. 2019

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Nanofibers isolated from unbleached neutral sulfite rice straw pulp were used to prepare transparent films without the need to modify the isolated rice straw nanofibers (RSNF). RSNF with loading from 1.25 to 10 wt.% were mixed with cellulose acetate (CA) solution in acetone and films were formed by casting. The films were characterized regarding their transparency and light transmittance, microstructure, mechanical properties, crystallinity, water contact angle, porosity, water vapor permeability, and thermal properties. The results showed good dispersion of RSNF in CA matrix and films with good transparency and homogeneity could be prepared at RSNF loadings of less than 5%. As shown from contact angle and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements, the RSNF resulted in increased hydrophilic nature and roughness of the films. No significant improvement in tensile strength and Young’s modulus was recorded as a result of adding RSNF to CA. Addition of the RSNF did not significantly affect the porosity, crystallinity and melting temperature of CA, but slightly increased its glass transition temperature.

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Morphological investigation of cellulose acetate/cellulose nanocrystal composites obtained by melt extrusion

Cited by 21 publications

References 62 publications

Recent Advances in Nanocellulose Composites with Polymers: A Guide for Choosing Partners and How to Incorporate Them

Recent Advances in Nanocellulose Composites with Polymers: A Guide for Choosing Partners and How to Incorporate Them

Surface Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals with Succinic Anhydride

Nanocomposite Film Based on Cellulose Acetate and Lignin-Rich Rice Straw Nanofibers

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