2015
DOI: 10.1002/glia.22821
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Morphological plasticity of astroglia: Understanding synaptic microenvironment

Abstract: Memory formation in the brain is thought to rely on the remodeling of synaptic connections which eventually results in neural network rewiring. This remodeling is likely to involve ultrathin astroglial protrusions which often occur in the immediate vicinity of excitatory synapses. The phenomenology, cellular mechanisms, and causal relationships of such astroglial restructuring remain, however, poorly understood. This is in large part because monitoring and probing of the underpinning molecular machinery on the… Show more

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Cited by 134 publications
(146 citation statements)
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References 228 publications
(398 reference statements)
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“…Therefore the increased GFAP density and network reticulation in the OB glomeruli of fasted rats probably contributes to increased astroglial coverage of the neuropil. Many models have shown that the extent of astrocytes apposition to neuronal surfaces and synaptic clefts determines the possibility of new synapse formation and the astroglial control of synaptic activity (Ben Achour & Pascual, 2010;Bernardinelli et al, 2014;Heller & Rusakov, 2015;Reichenbach et al, 2010). Many models have shown that the extent of astrocytes apposition to neuronal surfaces and synaptic clefts determines the possibility of new synapse formation and the astroglial control of synaptic activity (Ben Achour & Pascual, 2010;Bernardinelli et al, 2014;Heller & Rusakov, 2015;Reichenbach et al, 2010).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore the increased GFAP density and network reticulation in the OB glomeruli of fasted rats probably contributes to increased astroglial coverage of the neuropil. Many models have shown that the extent of astrocytes apposition to neuronal surfaces and synaptic clefts determines the possibility of new synapse formation and the astroglial control of synaptic activity (Ben Achour & Pascual, 2010;Bernardinelli et al, 2014;Heller & Rusakov, 2015;Reichenbach et al, 2010). Many models have shown that the extent of astrocytes apposition to neuronal surfaces and synaptic clefts determines the possibility of new synapse formation and the astroglial control of synaptic activity (Ben Achour & Pascual, 2010;Bernardinelli et al, 2014;Heller & Rusakov, 2015;Reichenbach et al, 2010).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The volume of this domain varies among brain regions and species, but in rodents it spans from 20 000 to 80 000 mm observed in rodent astrocytes and whose function remains mysterious. Yet, besides those major differences, human astrocytes, like rodent astrocytes, are organized in domains with limited overlap, and it is estimated that a single human astrocyte domain contains approximately 270 000 to 2 million synapses [13,53].…”
Section: (E) Synaptic Islandsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The function of astrocytic glutamate transporters GLT-1 and GLAST are classic examples of how astrocytes regulate glutamatergic synaptic transmission by controlling the neurotransmitter levels at the synapse [29,30]. Glutamate uptake normally occurs perisynaptically due to the localization of astrocyte processes [31]. New evidence shows that astrocyte process ensheathment is restricted to perisynaptic regions by the hemichannel protein connexin 30 (Cx30).…”
Section: Glia Refine and Remodel Synapses And Circuitsmentioning
confidence: 99%