Morphological Studies of the Tongue of the Egyptian Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis ) and Their Lingual Papillae Adaptation for Its Feeding Habits

Abstract

This work was conducted to describe the morphological characters of the tongue of Egyptian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). The lingual root and the dorsal middle region of apex and body in addition to the dorsal and ventral surface of lingual tip were devoided from any fungiform papillae. The lingual tip contains conical papillae only. The ventral surface of lingual apex was divided into two portions by the U-shaped fungiform line into papillary and non-papillary region. Histological investigation on the lingual surface epithelium and lamina propria submucosa reflects differences in these layers in different parts of the tongue. By SEM, there are two subtypes of filiform papillae: caudally directed papillae on dorsal surface and rostrally directed papillae on the lateral region of ventral surface of lingual apex. There are two subtypes of conical papillae: small slightly rostrally directed papillae on dorsal and ventral surface of lingual tip and large posteromedially directed papillae on dorsal surface of lingual root. The rounded circumvallate papillae consisted of round bulb surrounded by deep circular groove, which surrounded by circular pad. Higher magnification of filiform papillae indicates the presence of microcrests separated by microgrooves, and these microgrooves consisted of microrodes. The fungiform surface having micropores on the tip of elevated tubercle for taste buds pores. All these observed structures (microcrests, microgrooves, microrodes, tubercles, microridges) in a higher magnification allow animals to transport food particles through the oral cavity and help in the defensive behaviour. There are strong correlations between the tongue anatomical characteristics and its functions.

Surface ultrastructural descriptions of the oropharyngeal cavity of Anas querquedula

“…The second method for feeding, but it is little used when compared to the goose is the grazing methods. The current work agree with that reported by El-Bakary and Abumandour (2017) and…”

“…The second method for feeding, but it is little used when compared to the goose is the grazing methods. The current work agree with that reported by El‐Bakary and Abumandour () and Skieresz‐Szewczyk and Jackowiak () that the Anatidae family used the conical papillae on the lateral surface of the lingual body to perform the grazing action in the feeding process to grab the grass leaves, which then hold by the lingual prominence with the palate as reported in the herbivorous animals (El‐Bakary & Abumandour, ). The other structure linked to the grassing behaviors of the wild duck Anatidae family is the presence of the external lamella on the upper beak and internal lamellae on the lower beak that acting as a scissors.…”

“…Skieresz-Szewczyk and Jackowiak (2016) that the Anatidae family used the conical papillae on the lateral surface of the lingual body to perform the grazing action in the feeding process to grab the grass leaves, which then hold by the lingual prominence with the palate as reported in the herbivorous animals (El-Bakary & Abumandour, 2017).…”

“…The lingual prominence consider as the main characteristic lingual structure in the dorsal surface of the ruminant tongue (El‐Bakary & Abumandour, ). Furthermore, this lingual prominence is the main characteristic part in the duck and goose tongue as observed in the current work and the duck and goose (Iwasaki et al, ; Jackowiak et al, ; Skieresz‐Szewczyk & Jackowiak, ).…”

“…According to the anatomical SEM published articles, the presence of the filiform papillae and its subtypes are well‐developed in the animals (El‐Bakary & Abumandour, ) and the its subtypes reached to the six subtypes in the Egyptian eating fruit bats (Abumandour, ; Abumandour & El‐Bakary, ), while the presence of the filiform papillae in the bird species is limited. The current work observed the presence of the filiform papillae on the lateral surface of the lingual body, similar observation noted in the duck and goose (Jackowiak et al, ; Marzban Abbasabadi & Sayrafi, ; Skieresz‐Szewczyk et al, ), while these filiform papillae were observed in the dorsal surface of the lingual apex and body as observed in the Eurasian coot (Abumandour & El‐Bakary, ), house sparrow (Abumandour, ), common kestrel and Hume's tawny owl (Abumandour & El‐Bakary, ), and the Egyptian laughing dove (Abumandour & El‐Bakary, ).…”