Morphologie urbaine et mobilité en marche à pied

Urban layout, landscape features and pedestrian usage

“…Five hundred trips made regularly by the participants were recorded in a GIS (Genre- Grandpierre and Foltête, 2003). The pedestrian frequency is calculated for each section by counting the number of trips that were taken through that section.…”

“…Although this assumption has been verified in several works (Borgers and Timmermans, 1986;Seneviratne and Morrall, 1985), minimization of the metric distance cannot be regarded as the only criterion in the choice of routes (Marchand, 1974;McFadden, 2000;Kaufmann, 2000;Genre-Grandpierre and Foltête, 2003), which depends on other factors like conditions of safety or urban amenities. Moreover, on a smaller scale, previous works have shown the phenomenon of self-organization of the pedestrian flows and the importance of the concept of "pedestrian comfort" (Helbing and Keltsch, 1997;Helbing et al, 2001).…”

Proximité et transport actif. Le cas des déplacements entre l’école et la maison à Montréal et à Trois-Rivières

“…Elle s'inscrit dans un contexte de dépendance automobile (Dupuy, 2006), caractérisée entre autres par le renforcement réciproque de l'étalement urbain et de la motorisation du transport (Wiel, 2005). L'influence de l'environnement urbain (notamment de la forme urbaine) sur le choix des modes de transport a été largement discutée au cours des dernières années (Genre-Grandpierre et Foltête, 2003;Handy et Mokhtarian, 2005;Humpel et al, 2002). Même si les conclusions des travaux dans la matière ne sont pas toujours convergentes, les chercheurs constatent que les milieux peu denses obligent à parcourir de longues distances, ce qui favorise l'utilisation accrue de la voiture et décourage la marche (Frumkin, 2002;Gauvin et al, 2005) ; cela peut avoir des répercussions sur la mobilité des enfants (DeRobertis, 1999;Gaster, 1992).…”

Beyond the built-up form/mobility relationship: Spatial affordance and lifestyles

“…Cervero and Kockelman (1997) investigate the relationship even more locally, distinguishing the relative role of density, functional diversity and urban design within urban neighbourhoods. The impact of the configuration of street networks on modal choice, and more particularly on walking habits, has also been explored through ad hoc surveys (Genre-Grandpierre andFoltete 2003, Rodriguez andJoo 2004). On these bases, planners have identified design strategies to foster or hinder different patterns of mobility behaviours (Boarnet and Crane 2001).…”