Morphology and properties of melt-spun polycarbonate fibers containing single- and multi-wall carbon nanotubes

Fornes, T. D.; Baur, Jeff; Sabba, Y.; Thomas, Edwin L.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2006.01.003

Cited by 123 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…For example polymernanotube fibres have been produced through melt processing [20][21][22][23][24][25][26], coagulation spinning [27][28][29][30][31][32][33] and electrospinning [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. This has allowed volume fractions of up to ~60 vol%, resulting 3 in moduli and strength as high as Y=80 GPa and B=1.8 GPa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High stiffness nano-composite fibres from polyvinylalcohol filled with graphene and boron nitride

Boland

Barwich

Khan

et al. 2016

Carbon

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Here we describe using nanosheets of both graphene and boron nitride, produced by liquid phase exfoliation, as fillers in composite fibres. The fibres were prepared by coagulation spinning using polyvinylalcohol as a matrix. We obtained good quality fibres with diameter and nanosheet volume fraction which could be controlled via the ratio of nanosheet to polymer injection rates. The mechanical stiffness (modulus, Y) and strength, σB, increased relatively slowly with volume fraction (dY/dVf 160 GPa and dσB/dVf 0.8 GPa). However, both stiffness and strength continued increasing with nanosheet content to loading levels of ~20vol%, after which the properties fell off. Such relatively high loading levels result in impressive mechanical properties with stiffness and strength of up to 30 GPa and 260 MPa observed. In addition, we found the graphene-filled fibres to be electrically conducting with conductivities of up to 3 S/m.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High stiffness nano-composite fibres from polyvinylalcohol filled with graphene and boron nitride

Boland

Barwich

Khan

et al. 2016

Carbon

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“…Although considerable research has been conducted regarding the physical properties of carbon nanotube filled nanocomposites, including mechanical properties, electrical conductivity and rheological properties, only a few investigations have focused on the practical applications of nanocomposites in various industrial fields [13,[16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polarized Raman spectroscopy was previously used on aligned MWCNTs to show that the observed relative intensities of the Raman D and G bands are sensitive to the orientation of the nanotubes [28][29][30][31][32][33]. In polymer nanocomposites, Raman spectroscopy was applied in order to get information of the MWNT orientation, alignment and crystallinity [13,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow induced orientation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in polycarbonate nanocomposites: Rheology, conductivity and mechanical properties

Abbasi

Carreau

Derdouri

2010

Polymer

218

202

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Flow induced orientation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes inWe investigated the effect of flow field and deformation rate on the nanotube alignment and on the properties of PC/multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites. Samples of various MWCNT loadings were prepared by diluting a commercial masterbatch containing 15 wt% nanotubes using optimized melt mixing conditions. Different processing conditions were then used to systematically change the degree of nanotube alignment, from random orientation to highly aligned. Morphological studies and Raman spectroscopy analysis revealed that the nanotubes are preferentially aligned in the flow direction, particularly at large injection or compression rates. Rheological measurements corresponding to high shear rate conditions showed drastic changes in the viscoelastic behavior. The complex viscosity significantly decreased and percolation threshold notably rose. High degrees of nanotube alignment also resulted in a significant increase in the electrical percolation threshold. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites for different nanotube loadings were also shown to depend on the processing conditions, and somehow improved when the material was processed at higher rates. Finally, we used a power-law type equation to correlate the percolation behavior and the nanotube alignment. The estimated percolation threshold and the power index, q, significantly increase with the degree of nanotube alignment as determined by Raman analysis.

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“…By doing so, it has been possible to generate new families of materials that are melt-processable with standard equipment but that outperform commodity plastics in terms of material properties. These properties include higher mechanical strength (Cadek et al 2002;Eitan et al 2006;Fornes et al 2006) and substantially higher electrical conductivities (Curran et al 2009). The benefit of employing MWCNTs over conventional fillers in thermoplastics is that they have very high aspect ratios, enabling the nanocomposites to exhibit noticeable property improvements even at relatively low filler content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several authors have specifically studied the properties of PC-MWCNT composites, focusing on the melt rheology (Pötschke et al 2002;Du et al 2004;Abdel-Goad and Pötschke 2005;Sung et al 2005;Alig et al 2008), the mechanical response (Eitan et al 2006;Fornes et al 2006;Satapathy et al 2007), and the electrical properties (Du et al 2004;Sung et al 2006;Alig et al 2008;Saphiannikova et al 2012). Some authors have employed a combination of characterisation methods, such as the simultaneous electrical and rheological measurements of Alig et al (2008) and Zeiler et al (2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscoelastic melt rheology and time–temperature superposition of polycarbonate–multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites

2013

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This work investigates the linear and non-linear viscoelastic melt rheology of four grades of polycarbonate melt compounded with 3 wt% Nanocyl NC7000 multiwalled carbon nanotubes and of the matching matrix polymers. Amplitude sweeps reveal an earlier onset of nonlinearity and a strain overshoot in the nanocomposites. Mastercurves are constructed from isothermal frequency sweeps using vertical and horizontal shifting. Although all nanocomposites exhibit a second plateau at ∼10 5 Pa, the relaxation times estimated from the peak in loss tangent are not statistically different from those of pure melts estimated from cross-over frequencies: all relaxation timescales scale with molar mass in the same way, evidence that the relaxation of the polymer network is the dominant mechanism in both filled and unfilled materials. Non-linear rheology is also measured in large amplitude oscillatory shear. A comparison of the responses from frequency and amplitude sweep experiments reveals the importance of strain and temperature history on the response of such nanocomposites.

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Morphology and properties of melt-spun polycarbonate fibers containing single- and multi-wall carbon nanotubes

Cited by 123 publications

References 40 publications

High stiffness nano-composite fibres from polyvinylalcohol filled with graphene and boron nitride

High stiffness nano-composite fibres from polyvinylalcohol filled with graphene and boron nitride

Flow induced orientation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in polycarbonate nanocomposites: Rheology, conductivity and mechanical properties

Viscoelastic melt rheology and time–temperature superposition of polycarbonate–multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites

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