Morphology and some biomechanical properties of human liver and spleen

Stingl, J; Báča, Václav; Čech, Pavel; Kovanda, Jan; Kovandová, Hedvika; Mandys, Václav; Rejmontová, J; Sosna, Bohuslav

doi:10.1007/s00276-002-0054-1

Cited by 34 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Then, the solution was mixed with tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) and ammonium persulphate (APS) solution, immediately transferred to rectangular containers (6 × 6 × 10 cm) to match the phantom holder size, and left to cure at room temperature. The density of this phantom material was measured to be 1.0200 ± 0.0014 g/cm 3 using a commercially available apparatus (density kit for XS precision balances, Mettler Toledo, Columbia, MD, USA), i.e., within the range of healthy human liver and spleen tissues [46]. Additionally, the formulation of our phantom is similar to the one reported previously by Zell et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Boiling histotripsy lesion characterization on a clinical magnetic resonance imaging-guided high intensity focused ultrasound system

et al. 2017

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PurposeHigh intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a non-invasive therapeutic technique that can thermally ablate tumors. Boiling histotripsy (BH) is a HIFU approach that can emulsify tissue in a few milliseconds. Lesion volume and temperature effects for different BH sonication parameters are currently not well characterized. In this work, lesion volume, temperature distribution, and area of lethal thermal dose were characterized for varying BH sonication parameters in tissue-mimicking phantoms (TMP) and demonstrated in ex vivo tissues.MethodsThe following BH sonication parameters were varied using a clinical MR-HIFU system (Sonalleve V2, Philips, Vantaa, Finland): acoustic power, number of cycles/pulse, total sonication time, and pulse repetition frequency (PRF). A 3×3×3 pattern was sonicated inside TMP’s and ex vivo tissues. Post sonication, lesion volumes were quantified using 3D ultrasonography and temperature and thermal dose distributions were analyzed offline. Ex vivo tissues were sectioned and stained with H&E post sonication to assess tissue damage.ResultsSignificant increase in lesion volume was observed while increasing the number of cycles/pulse and PRF. Other sonication parameters had no significant effect on lesion volume. Temperature full width at half maximum at the end of sonication increased significantly with all parameters except total sonication time. Positive correlation was also found between lethal thermal dose and lesion volume for all parameters except number of cycles/pulse. Gross pathology of ex vivo tissues post sonication displayed either completely or partially damaged tissue at the focal region. Surrounding tissues presented sharp boundaries, with little or no structural damage to adjacent critical structures such as bile duct and nerves.ConclusionOur characterization of effects of HIFU sonication parameters on the resulting lesion demonstrates the ability to control lesion morphologic and thermal characteristics with a clinical MR-HIFU system in TMP’s and ex vivo tissues. We demonstrate that this system can produce spatially precise lesions in both phantoms and ex vivo tissues. The results provide guidance on a preliminary set of BH sonication parameters for this system, with a potential to facilitate BH translation to the clinic.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Boiling histotripsy lesion characterization on a clinical magnetic resonance imaging-guided high intensity focused ultrasound system

et al. 2017

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“…Diseases with microstructural changes affect the parenchyma to a larger extent than the capsule. Previous experiments proved that the capsule plays an important role in the mechanical strength of liver [30], and thickness and collagen content of the capsule can affect its mechanical stiffness [31]. The orientation of collagen fibres has also large effect on the biomechanical properties of the capsule [22], and therefore, it can be presumed that a similar effect is present in the parenchyma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of steatosis and fibrosis on blunt force vulnerability of the liver

et al. 2020

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The aim of our study was to examine the possible effect of steatosis and fibrosis on the blunt force vulnerability of human liver tissue. 3.5 × 3.5 × 2-cm-sized liver tissue blocks were removed from 135 cadavers. All specimens underwent microscopical analysis. The tissue samples were put into a test stand, and a metal rod with a square-shaped head was pushed against the capsular surface. The force (Pmax) causing liver rupture was measured and registered with a Mecmesin AFG-500 force gauge. Six groups were formed according to the histological appearance of the liver tissue: intact (group 1), mild steatosis (group 2), moderate steatosis (group 3), severe steatosis (group 4), fibrosis (group 5), and cirrhosis (group 6). The average Pmax value was 34.1 N in intact liver samples (range from 18.

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“…Sample type Donor sex and age Mechanical properties of human liver Glisson's capsule do not change significantly with donor sex and age [73] Harvesting site Liver samples including the Glisson's capsule are stiffer than those collected from internal sections [18,75] Animal source Complex shear modulus of bovine liver is significantly lower than that of porcine liver [18] Human liver is softer than pig liver and can withstand less ultimate load and strain [19,30] Fibrosis grade Liver elastic modulus and shear viscosity increase non-linearly with fibrosis grade [26,30,77] Sample status In-vivo/ex-vivo tests with/without perfusion Unperfused liver is stiffer and more viscous than in-vivo [28] Compliance and damping coefficients are similar between ex-vivo perfused and in-vivo conditions Temperature No significant differences in failure strain or stress [78] Freezing…”

Section: Categorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While certain sample as well as testing and analysis variables are inevitably fixed according to the study design and available equipment (e.g. viscoelastic characterisation of pig liver parenchyma in unconfined compression [23], derivation of human liver elastic modulus in uniaxial tension [73]), the others have to be carefully managed and controlled to avoid any sample (e.g. age-related effects, dehydration) and/or the testing method (e.g.…”

Section: Ex-vivo Mechanical Testing Guidelines For In-vitro Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…limit value of mechanical stiffness) and the elastic modulus of liver capsule collected from 17 human cadavers (7 males and 10 females, aged between 33 and 88 years old) [73]. The critical tension was found to vary between 0.095 and 0.322 MPa in males and between 0.076 and 0.322 MPa in females, while the elastic modulus was in the range of 0.524 Ä 1.788 MPa for males and of 0.315 Ä 2.850 MPa for females, indicating no relevant relationships between the mechanical properties of human liver capsule and the donor sex or age.…”

Section: Sex and Agementioning

confidence: 99%

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