MORPHOLOGY OF THE HARD PALATE: A STUDY OF DRY SKULLS AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. Morfología del paladar duro: Un studio en cráneos secos y revision de la literatura

Abstract

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la morfología del paladar duro para proporcionar directrices a los profesionales. Para dichos propósitos se midió el paladar duro de 63 cráneos de sexo y edad desconocidos, provenientes de una población del subcontinente Indio. Las medias y las desviaciones estándar de los siguientes parámetros fueron: anchura máxima del foramen palatino mayor, 2,3 ± 0,5 mm; anchura máxima del foramen palatino menor, de 0,9 ± 0,4 mm; anchura máxima del foramen incisivo, 4,08 ± 0,99 mm; distancia inter-alveolar de canino a canino, 23,5 ± 2,2 mm; distancia entre los forámenes palatinos mayores izquierdo y derecho, 27,6 ± 2,77 mm; anchura del paladar, 37,97 ± 3,32 mm; longitud palatal, 52,2 ± 3,2 mm; altura del paladar, 11,54 ± 2,4 mm; distancia entre el orificio palatino mayor a la base del hamulus pterigoideo, 8,7 ± 2,2 mm; distancia del foramen palatino mayor a la sutura maxilar mediana, 13,8 ± 1,5 mm; ángulo entre la línea media y la línea entre el foramen oral y el foramen palatino mayor, 16,45 ± 1,600. En esta investigación, los tipos más frecuentes de índice palatino e índice de altura paladar fueron el leptoestafilino y el ortoestafilino. Los Índices de asimetría oscilaron entre el 4,3 al 18,3%. El presente estudio proporciona datos morfométricos y cualitativos del paladar duro derivado de cráneos indios. El conocimiento de la posición y el diámetro de los forámenes palatinos es esencial para la aplicación de la anestesia localizada antes de realizar los procedimientos quirúrgicos. Además, los datos pueden ser útiles en la determinación de ascendencia del paladar duro. The purpose of this study was to determine hard palate morphology to provide guidelines for practitioners. This study measured the hard palate of 63 skulls of unsexed and unknown age from Indian subcontinent. The means and standard deviations of the following parameters were: greater palatine foramen maximum width, 2.3 ± 0.5 mm; lesser palatine foramen maximum width, 0.9 ± 0.4 mm; incisive foramen maximum width, 4.08 ± 0.99 mm; canine to canine intersocket distance, 23.5 ± 2.2 mm; distance between right and left greater palatine foramen, 27.6 ± 2.77 mm; palatal breadth, 37.97 ± 3.32 mm; palatal length, 52.2 ± 3.2 mm; palatal height, 11.54 ± 2.4 mm; greater palatine foramen to the base of medial pterygoid hamulus distance, 8.7 ± 2.2 mm; distance from greater palatine foramen to median maxillary suture, 13.8 ± 1.5 mm; angle between the midline and a line between the orale and the greater palatine foramen, 16.45 ± 1.600. The leptostaphyline and orthostaphyline were the most prevalent types of palatine index and palate height index in this study. Asymmetry indices ranged between 4.3 - 18.3%. The present study provides morphometric and qualitative data of the hard palate derived from Indian skulls. Knowledge of the position and diameter of the palatine foramina is essential in performing localized anaesthesia before surgical procedures. In addition, the data may be useful in ancestry determination using the hard palate.

CBCT as a novel pre-op non-invasive method to determine the location of Greater Palatine Foramen

“…Similarly on right side distal to third molar location of great palatine and foramen was noted in 4(5.00%) patients, between distal face and middle of third molar was noted in 31(38.75%) patients, between middle and mesial face of third molar was noted in 43(53.75%) patients and between middle of second molar and distal face of second molar was noted in 2(2.50%) patients. In past, the studies have been performed on dried skulls belonging todifferent ethnic populations and theGPF has been found to be present on opposite to the third molars most commonly 10,11,[16][17][18] . However, this number has been reported to vary between 47.5% and as high as 92% which highlights the significant variability 8 .…”

Morphometric analysis of the palatine triangle in adult human skulls: a potential aid for anthropologists and intraoral bone grafts

“…Significant differences in the palatal measurements have been observed in the literature, which can be due to the differential growth patterns of the facial region, genetic background, and ethnicity, and also due to pathologies such as allergies and prolonged mouth breathing [ 18 ]. It is very interesting to note that there existed differences in some of the measured parameters of the palate among the same population, which suggests that anatomical variations of the palate might also be present within a population [ 19 ]. The observed differences can also be due to the fact that the palate, during its development and life, is subjected to various forces that change its shape, like the forces of tongue muscles/muscles of mastication or the pull of facial muscles.…”