Morphology, rheology and curing of (ethylene-propylene elastomer/hydrogenate acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber) blends reinforced by POSS and organoclay

Lipińska, Magdalena; Imiela, Mateusz

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2019.01.020

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In the literature, various techniques are applied to investigate the kinetic of curing, among them FTIR spectroscopy [36] and the differential scanning calorimetry DSC [37]. The RPA rheometers allow to study the cure kinetic of rubber mixtures, together with the viscoelastic properties during curing [38]. First, the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was applied to estimate the temperature of XNBR ionic curing.…”

Section: The Influence Of Mg Filler Characteristic On Curing At Variomentioning

confidence: 99%

Curing kinetics and ionic interactions in layered double hydroxides–nitrile rubber Mg–Al-LDHs–XNBR composites

2020

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The carboxylated butadiene-acrylonitrile XNBR composites containing layered double hydroxides (Mg-Al-LDHs) were prepared with the aim to investigate the effect of various Mg:Al ratio in the filler composition on the rheological behavior, kinetic of curing and viscoelastic properties of final material. Due to the presence of metal cations, LDHs can form ionic cross-links with carboxylic functional groups of XNBR nitrile rubber. The DSC analysis indicated lower ranges of curing temperatures as the Mg:Al ratio raised (90-184 °C for Pural MG63, 88-187 °C for Pural MG70). The apparent energy of activation E a decreased with increasing Mg:Al ratio reaching the value of 111.46 kJˑmole −1 for XNBR composite containing Pural MG70. The rheological analysis revealed the presence of specific polymer-nanofillers and fillers-fillers interactions. The XNBR-LDHs rubbers exhibited two transitions corresponding to the glass temperature of elastomer T g (in range of −13.08 to −13.60 °C) and the ionic transition temperature T α′ (in range of 32.95-37.90 °C). The ionic transition temperature T α′ was not observed for the nitrile rubber composite containing Pural MG5 with the lowest Mg:Al ratio. The formed ordered ionic phase significantly affected the viscoelastic behavior of XNBR composites at room and sub-zero temperatures leading to the increase in the storage modulus G ′. Therefore, among the various possible applications of LDHs, their use in rubber technology offers the potential for production of environmentally friendly rubber products cured without any additional curatives.

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Section: The Influence Of Mg Filler Characteristic On Curing At Variomentioning

confidence: 99%

Curing kinetics and ionic interactions in layered double hydroxides–nitrile rubber Mg–Al-LDHs–XNBR composites

2020

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“…For SEM analysis, samples were primed by fracturing under liquid nitrogen atmosphere, and the fractured surface is placed on the stub and further sputter-coated/vapour-coated using a thin layer of conducting material like Au, C, Au/Pd, Pt and graphite. 43 After the coating, the sample is kept inside the specimen chamber for SEM analysis (Figure 8). Samples can also be prepared by ebonite method, wherein rubber samples are immersed in a molten mixture of sulphur, sulphenamide accelerator and zinc stearate in 90:5:5 ratio for about 8 h at 120°C.…”

Section: Morphology Characterization By Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubber–rubber blends: A critical review

Kaliyathan

Varghese²,

Nair³

et al. 2019

Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology

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The blending of different rubbers is one of the effective methods to achieve required performance properties in their final products. This article reviews the thermodynamic considerations of rubber–rubber blends and their filled systems. Factors affecting the rubber blend morphology (i.e. distribution mechanism of fillers, curatives and other compounding ingredients) and preparation techniques for rubber–rubber blends emphasizing their advantages and disadvantages are well discussed in this review. Microscopy is the field of interest to all material scientists. In the case of rubber blends, microscopy is an essential tool in order to understand the morphology, that is, size, shape and distribution of phases and filler particles in the rubber–rubber blend. In this review, selected scientific reports based on optical microscopy, electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy in rubber–rubber blends are discussed. Rubber material is a complex macromolecule; it has significant proportion of fillers, processing aids and curing agents; therefore, only a very few studies have been reported on the microscopic aspects of filled rubber–rubber blends. In particular, influence of rubber blend composition, fillers (micro and nano length scales) and processing additives on the morphology of rubber blends systems has not been systematically reviewed and discussed in the scientific literature. Therefore, in the present scenario, this review was thought of, which deals with the essential background to rubber–rubber blends, miscibility and morphological characterization of various rubber blend systems by microscopy. It is very important to add that although there is scattered information on these aspects in the scientific literature, to date a comprehensive review has not been published. The pros, cons, artefacts and the new challenges on the use of microscopy for the characterization of rubber–rubber blends are also discussed here.

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“…POSS particles offer the possibility for the participation in curing by a reaction between POSS functional groups and the end or functional groups of polymer chains. The radicals generated during peroxide curing were used to initiate the grafting reactions between methacrylisobutyl-POSS and octavinyl-POSS and ethylene-propylene elastomer/hydrogenated acrylonitrile rubber EPM/HNBR blends [11]. The incorporation of octavinyl-POSS particles, which were able to form crosslinks between both rubbers, enhanced the compatibility of EPM/HNBR blend.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

POSS Fillers as a Factor Influencing on Viscoelastic Properties, Crystallization, and Thermo-Oxidative Degradation of Poly(Lactic Acid)-Epoxidized Natural Rubber PLA/ENR Blend

Lipińska¹,

Toczek²,

Stefaniak³

2021

Fillers

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Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) can be considered as the smallest silica particles that contain an inorganic cage-like silicon-oxygen structure surrounded by organic substituents. POSS are known to be reinforcing fillers able to enhance the fire retardancy and to increase the thermo-oxidative stability. The application of POSS with various functional groups and their effect on the properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is analyzed based on the literature review. The influence of POSS with hydroxyl and glycidyl groups on the viscoelastic properties, crystallization, and thermo-oxidative degradation of PLA containing various contents of natural rubber ENR is discussed. The application of POSS with hydroxyl and glycidyl groups as an additive enhancing compatibility of PLA toughened by epoxidized rubber (ENR) is described. It is reported that POSS molecules with hydroxyl groups can enhance the thermo-oxidative stability of PLA melt.

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Morphology, rheology and curing of (ethylene-propylene elastomer/hydrogenate acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber) blends reinforced by POSS and organoclay

Cited by 29 publications

References 57 publications

Curing kinetics and ionic interactions in layered double hydroxides–nitrile rubber Mg–Al-LDHs–XNBR composites

Curing kinetics and ionic interactions in layered double hydroxides–nitrile rubber Mg–Al-LDHs–XNBR composites

Rubber–rubber blends: A critical review

POSS Fillers as a Factor Influencing on Viscoelastic Properties, Crystallization, and Thermo-Oxidative Degradation of Poly(Lactic Acid)-Epoxidized Natural Rubber PLA/ENR Blend

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