Morphology tailoring of metal pool and eutectic carbides in magnetic-controlled electroslag remelted M2 high-speed steel

Morphology Control of Metal Pool and Eutectic Carbides in Electroslag Remelted M2 HSS with an External Axial Static Magnetic Field

“…Compared to the imposed alternating MF (electromagnetic stirring) or pulsed MF on the ESR process proposed by other researchers [36,37], because skin effect (due to the water-cooled mold) tends to happen with the application of alternating or cyclic MF, there is a significant benefit for static MF. Such technology is currently being investigated for a variety of steel grades including low-alloyed GCr15 bearing steel [38,39], medium-alloyed H13 die steel [40,41], and high-alloyed M2 HSS [42,43]. Guo et al [42,43] applied a transverse static MF (TSMF, with different magnetic flux densities) for regulating M2 HSS solidification upon ESR.…”

Review on Eutectic-Type Alloys Solidified under Static Magnetic Field

“…Indeed, the crystal orientation is considered to be influenced by the SMF in both thermodynamic and kinetic ways. In the past decade, our group has systematically investigated the role of SMFs in the solidification process, including atomic diffusion [55,56,66,67], dendrite growth [61,68], homogenization of the secondary phase in immiscible alloy [69][70][71], and electroslag remelting in steel [72][73][74]. Based on these studies, we suggested that ETA materials processing under an SMF holds promise for both fundamental scientific research and industrial applications.…”

Refinement of Eutectic Carbides in M2 High Speed Steel by Adjusting Magnetic Flux Density During Magnetic Controlled ESR Process

“…Recently, some researchers have concentrated their attention on the effect of an external magnetic field (MF) on the solidification of ESR ingots. [18][19][20][21][22] Mitchell et al [18] and Wang et al [19] demonstrated that electromagnetic stirring (alternating MF) could significantly refine dendritic structure during ESR, while the macrosegregation increased with increasing stirring intensity. [19] Apart from the alternating MF, other researchers [20][21][22] preferred to impose static MF during the ESR process (called MC-ESR), as static MF had no skin effect due to the water-cooled mold.…”

“…[18][19][20][21][22] Mitchell et al [18] and Wang et al [19] demonstrated that electromagnetic stirring (alternating MF) could significantly refine dendritic structure during ESR, while the macrosegregation increased with increasing stirring intensity. [19] Apart from the alternating MF, other researchers [20][21][22] preferred to impose static MF during the ESR process (called MC-ESR), as static MF had no skin effect due to the water-cooled mold. Guo et al [22] used a 65 mT TSMF to control the solidification structure of M2 HSS during ESR.…”

“…[19] Apart from the alternating MF, other researchers [20][21][22] preferred to impose static MF during the ESR process (called MC-ESR), as static MF had no skin effect due to the water-cooled mold. Guo et al [22] used a 65 mT TSMF to control the solidification structure of M2 HSS during ESR. The metal pool in the ESR ingot was reduced in depth, and the eutectic carbides were refined and more evenly distributed.…”