TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE SHORT NOSE CHIMAERAS (GENUS HYDROLAGUS) FROM THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN REGION by Kristin A. Walovich Short-nose chimaeras are an enigmatic and understudied group of deep-sea Chondrichthyan fishes. To resolve decades of confusion and misidentification in the southern African region, morphometric and genetic data were utilized to resolve taxonomic confusion for the genus Hydrolagus. Nearly 100 chimaeroid specimens were examined from numerous national and international museum ichthyology collections. A series of 96 measurements per specimen were recorded and analyzed with multivariate statistics to determine differences among species. Tissue was collected from various southern African species for analysis of the mitochondrial gene NADH2. The resulting genetic information was compared to morphologically similar species and those within the same geographical region. This study re-describes Hydrolagus africanus, officially describes a new species Hydrolagus erithacus sp. nov, identifies a species known as Hydrolagus cf. trolli as Hydrolagus affinis, and provides taxonomic clarification and detailed descriptions for all three species. The morphological and genetic differences between species of this genus are not pronounced, presenting challenges for identification and classification. Species clarification enables improved identification and fisheries statistics, informed management efforts, and the advancement of chimaera genetic and biological research. v Acknowledgements This thesis would not have been possible if not for the guidance and support from numerous people. Sincere thanks are owed to my three thesis advisors, Dr. David Ebert, whose immense knowledge of Chondrichthyans has helped save three more "Lost Sharks", Dr. Scott Hamilton, whose help extends back to my undergraduate days, and Dr. Kenneth Coale, for his unflagging support and insight. Thank you to Jenny Kemper (Medical University of South Carolina), whose work ethic, productivity and knowledge I strive to emulate. A special thanks goes to Rob Leslie (South African Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries) who has been instrumental to the success of my thesis. A number of people were very helpful during this research and I wish to extend a very appreciated thank you to Dominique Didier (Millersville University) and Douglas Long (Saint Mary's College) for their assistance on the Hydrolagus africanus paper, Gavin Naylor (College of Charleston, South Carolina), Mattias Lanas and Mark Dando who contributed their time and immense talent to draw the illustrations for my thesis, and to the staffs at the numerous museum collections and institutions I was privileged to visit