Morphometric and physicochemical characteristics of carob pods in three geographical regions of Morocco

Fadel, Fatiha; Mehrach, Khadija El; Chebli, Bouchra; Fahmi, Fadma; Hafa, M. El; Amri, Oukacha; Bihi, Mohamed Ait; Hatimi, Abdelhakim; Tahrouch, Saida

doi:10.1007/s42452-020-03963-w

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…These findings indicate a high level of phenotypic variability and substantial intraspecific variation within the carob tree species [22,50,51]. Our results align with previous studies that have also highlighted distinct phenotypes in carob pods and seeds obtained from different populations [26,32,34]. The discerned disparities in our observations underscore the presence of substantial variability in the investigated traits, implicating a complex interplay of factors encompassing genetic diversity, environmental conditions, and geographical distribution, as posited by prior research [19,22].…”

Section: Variability In Pod and Seed Traits Across The Studied Popula...supporting

confidence: 90%

“…This suggests that certain traits show a response to precipitation levels, potentially reflecting the influence of water availability on these morphological characteristics. Previous findings showed that variation in seed [22,65,66] and pod [27,34] traits could be driven by geographical or environmental variables. Moreover, the regression analysis (Figure 4) revealed a positive and significant relationship (R 2 = 0.459, p < 0.001) between PC1 Climat and PC1 Traits , which accounted for 65.17% of the total variation in pod and seed traits.…”

Section: Carob Pod and Seed Trait Variations And Environmental Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With a growing demand for carob-based products, there has been increased interest in its cultivation and propagation, leading to numerous studies on its ecology and distribution [13,21,22], phylogeny and evolution [13,22,25], morphology [26][27][28], and biochemistry of pods, seeds, and leaves [29][30][31][32][33]. Additionally, its high nutritional and bioactive components, such as phenols, flavonoids, vitamins, and minerals [29,34,35], make it an exceptional functional food [36,37]. However, with the current global changes and increasing anthropogenic pressures on natural habitats, the sustainability of the carob tree is under threat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aridity Gradients Shape Intraspecific Variability of Morphological Traits in Native Ceratonia siliqua L. of Morocco

Kassout,

Hmimsa,

Fatehi

et al. 2023

Plants

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The carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is a significant fruit tree in the Mediterranean region with cultural, biological, and ecological importance. Despite its importance, intraspecific trait variability (ITV) in carob trees has been largely overlooked in previous studies. Understanding ITV and its relationship with environmental conditions is crucial for conservation and breeding programs. In this study, we investigated the variability of carob pod and seed-related traits across different ecological scales in 25 studied populations in Morocco. Significant differences in morphological traits were observed between carob populations at various ecological levels, and pod-related traits exhibited greater variability than seed traits. Correlation analysis revealed strong associations between carob morphological traits and environmental conditions, with altitude and aridity index playing an influential role. The aridity gradient was strongly related to changes in pod size, seed number, and size, as well as seed yield. Our findings highlight an important ITV reaching 45% at the intra-population level, 36.5% at the inter-geographic level, and 30% at the inter-population level. Overall, this study contributes valuable insights into the ecology and adaptation of carob trees, emphasizing the importance of considering intraspecific variability when studying this remarkable species. This knowledge is critical for addressing the challenges posed by climate change and human activities on the long-term survival and ecological functioning of carob populations.

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Section: Variability In Pod and Seed Traits Across The Studied Popula...supporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Carob Pod and Seed Trait Variations And Environmental Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aridity Gradients Shape Intraspecific Variability of Morphological Traits in Native Ceratonia siliqua L. of Morocco

Kassout,

Hmimsa,

Fatehi

et al. 2023

Plants

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“…Many studies have revealed that the amino acid composition of carob fruits varies according to species, geographical origin, ripening stage, and cultivation method [26,37]. It is well known that protein content decreases during ripening due to greater respiration rates as well as a significant increase in protease activity related to resource depletion [38].…”

Section: Crude Protein Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algerian wild green carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.): Physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant potency

Ayad,

Zineddine

et al. 2023

Bull. Chem. Soc. Eth.

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The main purpose of this study was to determine the proximate composition and physicochemical properties of Algerian wild green carob collected from three separate locations in Jijel province (northeast of Algeria), as well as to investigate its antioxidant potency. The results showed that the three samples were substantially comparable in terms of proximate compositions and physicochemical attributes. They have an acidic pH range and a very low fat content. In terms of phytochemical properties, Texenna green pods had the highest levels of polyphenols, flavonoids, and flavonols, with concentrations of 87.10 ± 0.07 μg GAE/mg DM, 4.90 ± 0.06 μg QE/mg DM, and 37.0 ± 0.19 μg QE/mg DM, respectively. Furthermore, the total antioxidant capacity of the methanolic extracts was determined using the phosphomolybdate method and found to be 154.62 µg AAE/mg DM. These promising findings revealed that unripe Ceratonia siliqua L. from the Texenna region is a rich source of natural antioxidants that could be employed more broadly in functional food formulations. KEY WORDS: Ceratonia siliqua L., Unripe pods, Proximate composition, Physicochemical properties, Bioactive compounds, Antioxidant potency Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(1), 187-198. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.14

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Factors of variation and the techniques for improving extraction and bioaccessibility of carob polyphenol: a review

Nechchadi,

Benhssaine,

Boulbaroud

et al. 2023

Food Measure

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Morphometric and physicochemical characteristics of carob pods in three geographical regions of Morocco

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Aridity Gradients Shape Intraspecific Variability of Morphological Traits in Native Ceratonia siliqua L. of Morocco

Aridity Gradients Shape Intraspecific Variability of Morphological Traits in Native Ceratonia siliqua L. of Morocco

Algerian wild green carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.): Physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant potency

Factors of variation and the techniques for improving extraction and bioaccessibility of carob polyphenol: a review

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