Morphometric Assessment of the Heteromodal Association Cortex in Schizophrenia

Boyer, Robert; Francis, Alan; Arango, Celso; Miller, Karl; Lefkowitz, David M.; McMahon, Robert P.; Barta, Patrick E.; Pearlson, Godfrey D.

doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.322

Cited by 90 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This result is in accordance with the altered asymmetry of oligodendrocyte density that we previously reported in BA39 in schizophrenia 7 . This data also supports the MRI reports that show a reversal of the left>right IPL asymmetry in first episode 20 and chronic schizophrenia 21,22 that appears to be localized to the angular gyrus 23 (see 24 for review). Thus, our results support the hypothesis that schizophrenia is characterized by abnormal hemispheric asymmetry.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Abnormalities in oligodendrocyte clusters in the inferior parietal cortex in schizophrenia are associated with insight

Kolomeets

Vostrikov

2013

Eur. J. Psychiat.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Abnormalities in oligodendrocyte clusters in the inferior parietal cortex in schizophrenia are associated with insight

Kolomeets

Vostrikov

2013

Eur. J. Psychiat.

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“…For example, autism, with onset before the age of 3 years, shows global cerebral GM hyperplasia in the first 2 years of life (49) and larger frontal and temporal GM volumes by 4 years, followed by a slower rate of growth in these regions by 7 years (50, 51). Childhood-onset schizophrenia, with a mean age of onset around the age of 10 years, is associated with a striking parietal GM loss, which progresses anteriorly during adolescence in a back-tofront fashion (52), whereas adult-onset schizophrenia (the more typical form) is more strongly associated with deficits in latermaturing temporal and frontal regions (53)(54)(55) and is associated with selective abnormalities of the heteromodal regions (29). Thus, alterations either in degree or timing of basic maturational pattern may at least partially be underlying these neurodevelopmental disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood

Gogtay

Giedd

Lusk

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

4,827

258

3,811

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We report the dynamic anatomical sequence of human cortical gray matter development between the age of 4 -21 years using quantitative four-dimensional maps and time-lapse sequences. Thirteen healthy children for whom anatomic brain MRI scans were obtained every 2 years, for 8 -10 years, were studied. By using models of the cortical surface and sulcal landmarks and a statistical model for gray matter density, human cortical development could be visualized across the age range in a spatiotemporally detailed time-lapse sequence. The resulting time-lapse ''movies'' reveal that (i) higher-order association cortices mature only after lower-order somatosensory and visual cortices, the functions of which they integrate, are developed, and (ii) phylogenetically older brain areas mature earlier than newer ones. Direct comparison with normal cortical development may help understanding of some neurodevelopmental disorders such as childhood-onset schizophrenia or autism.H uman brain development is structurally and functionally a nonlinear process (1-3), and understanding normal brain maturation is essential for understanding neurodevelopmental disorders (4, 5). The heteromodal nature of cognitive brain development is evident from studies of neurocognitive performance (6, 7), functional imaging (functional MRI or positronemission tomography) (8-10), and electroencephalogram coherence studies (1, 2, 10). Prior imaging studies show regional nonlinear changes in gray matter (GM) density during childhood and adolescence with prepubertal increase followed by postpubertal loss (11)(12)(13)(14). The GM density on MRI is an indirect measure of a complex architecture of glia, vasculature, and neurons with dendritic and synaptic processes. Studies of GM maturation show a loss in cortical GM density over time (15,16), which temporally correlates with postmortem findings of increased synaptic pruning during adolescence and early adulthood (17-19). Here we present a study of cortical GM development in children and adolescents by using a brain-mapping technique and a prospectively studied sample of 13 healthy children (4-21 years old), who were scanned with MRI every 2 years for 8-10 years. Because the scans were obtained repeatedly on the same subjects over time, statistical extrapolation of points in between scans enabled construction of an animated time-lapse sequence (''movie'') of pediatric brain development. We hypothesized that GM development in childhood through early adulthood would be nonlinear as described before and would progress in a localized, region-specific manner coinciding with the functional maturation. We also predicted that the regions associated with more primary functions (e.g., primary motor cortex) would develop earlier compared with the regions that are involved with more complex and integrative tasks (e.g., temporal lobe).The result is a dynamic map of GM maturation in the pre-and postpubertal period. Our results, while highlighting the remarkable heterogeneity, show that the cortical GM development appears to f...

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“…For instance, adult-onset schizophrenia (the more typical form) is more strongly associated with deficits in later-maturing temporal and frontal regions, [35][36][37] and is associated with selective abnormalities of the heteromodal regions. 38 In major depression, decreased volumes of cortical and subcortical regions have been reported. Patients with major depressive disorder show reduced gray matter concentration in the left inferior temporal cortex, the right orbitofrontal and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of CpG context and content in evolutionary signatures of brain DNA methylation

Xin

O’Donnell

et al. 2011

Epigenetics

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Morphometric Assessment of the Heteromodal Association Cortex in Schizophrenia

Abstract: The results suggest that patients with schizophrenia may be characterized by selective abnormalities of the heteromodal regions involved in the neuroanatomy of language.

Cited by 90 publications

References 33 publications

Abnormalities in oligodendrocyte clusters in the inferior parietal cortex in schizophrenia are associated with insight

Abnormalities in oligodendrocyte clusters in the inferior parietal cortex in schizophrenia are associated with insight

Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood

Role of CpG context and content in evolutionary signatures of brain DNA methylation

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