Morphometric Variation in the Alates of Greenbug (Homoptera: Aphididae) Biotypes

Inayatullah, C.; Webster, James; Fargo, W. S.

doi:10.1093/aesa/80.2.306

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Discriminant analysis (PROC DISCRIM) (SAS Institute, 1997) was performed using two plant variables (damage rating, and host plant dry weight) to determine the correct classification rate among the aphid isolates (Inayatullah et al, 1987;Puterka et al, 1992). Host plant response data analysis was performed using the general linear model (PROC GLM) procedure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data normalization was achieved as follows: in plant damage rating, log 10 of the uncorrected values was used, and in plant dry weight and root length variables, the square root and log 10 of the corrected values were used, respectively. Discriminant analysis (PROC DISCRIM) (SAS Institute, 1997) was performed using two plant variables (damage rating, and host plant dry weight) to determine the correct classification rate among the aphid isolates (Inayatullah et al, 1987;Puterka et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence for regional diversity and host adaptation in Iranian populations of the Russian wheat aphid

Dolatti

Ghareyazie

Moharramipour

et al. 2005

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Effective pest management is greatly facilitated by knowledge of the genetic structure and host adaptation of the pest species in question. The Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Homoptera: Aphididae: Macrosiphini), is an important economic pest in many cereal-growing areas of the world, and in this study we investigated these aspects of its populations, using microsatellite markers and host plant response assays. Diuraphis noxia was sampled from 38 locations in Iran and genotyped at four polymorphic microsatellite loci that had been isolated from various Sitobion species. We identified 50 multilocus genotypes in 376 individuals. The overall observed heterozygosity was 0.134. F-statistics showed a regional partitioning in D. noxia populations with overall F ST = 0.231. In addition, there was a significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances. In order to test for the ecological consequences of genetic variability in D. noxia , biotypic variation amongst the isolates collected from wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) was evaluated on a number of resistant and susceptible wheat varieties. The plant variables we measured were damage rating (based on leaf chlorosis, leaf rolling, wilting, and death of the host plant), host plant dry weight, and root length. Damage rating was the best criterion for detecting biotypic variation in D. noxia . Discriminant analysis correctly classified the isolates in respective groups in 80 -91.8% of the cases. The barley isolate showed no differences in performance on resistant and susceptible wheat, indicating a lack of gene-by-gene relationship with wheat plants. In contrast, wheat isolates differentially damaged the resistant and susceptible plants and showed moderate to severe virulence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for regional diversity and host adaptation in Iranian populations of the Russian wheat aphid

Dolatti

Ghareyazie

Moharramipour

et al. 2005

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…It was introduced into the USA around 1890 (Webster & Phillips, 1912) and since that time many host adapted races, or 'biotypes', have appeared. Most biotypes are cyclically thelytokous with the exceptions of two that presumably represent anholocyclic races (Wood et al, 1969;Inayatullah et al, 1987;Puterka & Peters, 1990). Biotype isolates collected outside Kansas were clones from single females and were biotypically characterized on host differentials and described by Puterka & Peters (1990).…”

Section: Isolate Descriptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) to detect DNA polymorphisms in aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Black

DuTeau

Puterka

et al. 1992

Bull. Entomol. Res.

221

102

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We have used a new technique to identify discrete genetic markers in aphids, a family in which biochemical and morphological genetic polymorphisms are rare. The new technique uses the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify random regions of aphid genomes (random amplified polymorphic DNA) and has been termed RAPD-PCR. We demonstrate the use of the technique in revealing genetic variation in four aphid species, the greenbug (Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)), the Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko)), the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)), and the brown ambrosia aphid (Uroleucon ambrosiae (Thomas)). In contrast with allozyme surveys, RAPD-PCR revealed large amounts of genetic variation among individuals in each of these species. Variation was detected among biotypes, populations, colour morphs and even individuals on a single plant. We also explored the utility of RAPD-PCR in the detection and identification within aphid bodies of two endoparasitic wasps, Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) and Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson). The use of RAPD-PCR in species diagnostics, parasitoid detection, and population studies is discussed.

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“…Biotype C was considered morphologically distinct from previous populations (biotype B) damaging to wheat (Blackman 1981, Fargo et al 1986, Inayatullah et al 1987. This was an early indication that S. graminum sensu lato might be comprised of evolutionary divergent host races or subspecies; however, this theory mostly was ignored until biotypes were examined for variability by using molecular genetics approaches.…”

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Host Race Evolution inSchizaphis graminum(Hemiptera: Aphididae): Nuclear Dna Sequences

Shufran¹

2011

Environ Entomol

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The greenbug aphid, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) was introduced into the United States in the late 1880s, and quickly was established as a pest of wheat, oat, and barley. Sorghum was also a host, but it was not until 1968 that greenbug became a serious pest of it as well. The most effective control method is the planting of resistant varieties; however, the occurrence of greenbug biotypes has hampered the development and use of plant resistance as a management technique. Until the 1990s, the evolutionary status of greenbug biotypes was obscure. Four mtDNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) haplotypes were previously identified, suggesting that S. graminum sensu lato was comprised of host-adapted races. To elucidate the current evolutionary and taxonomic status of the greenbug and its biotypes, two nuclear genes and introns were sequenced; cytochrome c (CytC) and elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α). Phylogenetic analysis of CytC sequences were in complete agreement with COI sequences and demonstrated three distinct evolutionary lineages in S. graminum. EF1-α DNA sequences were in partial agreement with COI and CytC sequences, and demonstrated two distinct evolutionary lineages. Host-adapted races in greenbug are sympatric and appear reproductively isolated. Agricultural biotypes in S. graminum likely arose by genetic recombination via meiosis during sexual reproduction within host-races. The 1968 greenbug outbreak on sorghum was the result of the introduction of a host race adapted to sorghum, and not selection by host resistance genes in crops.

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Morphometric Variation in the Alates of Greenbug (Homoptera: Aphididae) Biotypes

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Evidence for regional diversity and host adaptation in Iranian populations of the Russian wheat aphid

Evidence for regional diversity and host adaptation in Iranian populations of the Russian wheat aphid

Use of the random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) to detect DNA polymorphisms in aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Host Race Evolution inSchizaphis graminum(Hemiptera: Aphididae): Nuclear Dna Sequences

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