Morphometry and DNA barcoding reveal cryptic diversity in the genus Enteromius (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from the Congo basin, Africa

Ginneken, Marjolein Van; Decru, Eva; Verheyen, Erik; Snoeks, Jos

doi:10.5852/ejt.2017.310

Cited by 27 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Multiple lineages were suspected within Enteromius miolepis on the basis of DNA barcodes. They could subsequently be distinguished using morphometric analyses and may represent undescribed species (Van Ginneken, Decru, Verheyen, & Snoeks, ). Conversely, phenotypic differences between Labeobarbus sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA barcoding fishes from the Congo and the Lower Guinean provinces: Assembling a reference library for poorly inventoried fauna

Sonet

Snoeks

Nagy

et al. 2019

Molecular Ecology Resources

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The Congolese and Lower Guinean ichthyological provinces are understudied hotspots of the global fish diversity. Here, we barcoded 741 specimens from the Lower and Middle Congo River and from three major drainage basins of the Lower Guinean ichthyological province, Kouilou‐Niari, Nyanga and Ogowe. We identified 194 morphospecies belonging to 82 genera and 25 families. Most morphospecies (92.8%) corresponded to distinct clusters of DNA barcodes. Of the four morphospecies present in both neighbouring ichthyological provinces, only one showed DNA barcode divergence <2.5%. A small fraction of the fishes barcoded here (12.9% of the morphospecies and 16.1% of the barcode clusters representing putative species) were also barcoded in a previous large‐scale DNA analysis of freshwater fishes of the Lower Congo published in 2011 (191 specimens, 102 morphospecies). We compared species assignments before and after taxonomic updates and across studies performed by independent research teams and observed that most cases of inconsistent species assignments were due to unknown diversity (undescribed species and unknown intraspecific variation). Our results report more than 17 putative new species and show that DNA barcode data provide a measure of genetic variability that facilitates the inventory of underexplored ichthyofaunae. However, taxonomic scrutiny, associated with revisions and new species descriptions, is indispensable to delimit species and build a coherent reference library.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA barcoding fishes from the Congo and the Lower Guinean provinces: Assembling a reference library for poorly inventoried fauna

Sonet

Snoeks

Nagy

et al. 2019

Molecular Ecology Resources

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“…This finding supports the results of Van Ginneken et al . () who found 13 COI lineages within a morphospecies named E . cf.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An annotated checklist of the fish fauna of the river systems draining the Kahuzi‐Biega National Park (Upper Congo: Eastern DR Congo)

Kisekelwa

Snoeks

Vreven

2020

Journal of Fish Biology

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The Kahuzi‐Biega National Park (KBNP), situated mainly in the Eastern Highlands Ecoregion of the Upper Congo basin, is drained by the Lowa and Ulindi rivers, and some western affluents of Lake Kivu. In this study, the first list of the fish diversity of these systems is provided based on museum collections and complemented, for the Lowa River system and the western Lake Kivu affluents, with recently collected specimens (2013–2017). A total of 118 species are reported from the Lowa basin, 22 from the Ulindi basin and seven from these Lake Kivu affluents. Within the Lowa and Ulindi, respectively, five and one species, all cichlids, have been introduced. Currently, 51 species are reported from within the park, only two of which have been reported from the highlands, i.e., Amphilius kivuensis from the Luha, the source of the Luka River, and Clarias liocephalus from the headwaters of the Lake Kivu’ affluents. With a total of 30 species, Cyprinidae is by far the largest family, representing 25% of the total species diversity of the Lowa basin. It is followed by Mormyridae with 13 species (11%), Alestidae and Mochokidae with 10 species each (8%), Clariidae and Amphiliidae with eight species (7%), and Distichodontidae with six species (5%). Seven new species for science were discovered and 11 species were found to be endemic to the Lowa system. Although further exploration is needed, this underscores the importance of the KBNP in protecting the fish fauna of the Lowa basin but also highlights the park's limited coverage of the fish fauna of the Lowa basin.

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“…The Ituri specimens have a longer dorsal fin, but this could be due to damage, as the dorsal fins in the four types of E. pellegrini seem to be slightly broken. A recent study on some Enteromius species (Van Ginneken et al 2017) revealed that in every river stretch in the Congo basin that was studied, morphologically very similar, but distinct species occurred. Therefore, we assume that the population in the Ituri River is not conspecific with E. pellegrini from Lake Kivu, although a further morphological and genetic revision will be necessary.…”

Section: Kneriidae Kneriidae Is a Family Of Small Fish Speciesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…As such, many species of this family are difficult to identify, especially species of the genera Enteromius and Labeo. From the former, 90 species are known to occur in the Congo River; many display only minor morphological differences and identification keys are lacking (Van Ginneken et al 2017). Therefore, we depended mostly on the original descriptions and a compilation of the main characteristics made by EV.…”

Section: Kneriidae Kneriidae Is a Family Of Small Fish Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ichthyofauna of the Itimbiri, Aruwimi, and Lindi/Tshopo rivers (Congo basin): Diversity and distribution patterns

Decru¹,

Vreven²,

Danadu³

et al. 2017

Acta Ichthyol. Piscat.

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Background. Although the Congo basin is the second largest river basin in the world and it has been considered a biodiversity hotspot for fish, still many parts of this basin remain poorly studied. In this study, we examined the poorly known ichthyofauna of three major north-eastern tributaries of the Congo basin (Itimbiri, Aruwimi and Lindi/Tshopo). A checklist of the ichthyofauna is provided and two synonymies are presented. As such, it contributes to unraveling the poorly known fish diversity in the whole Congo basin. An improved knowledge of the ichthyofauna is a sound baseline for further studies and conservation Material and methods. Fish specimens from five recent expeditions have been identified, and the older collection material from the study area, housed at the Royal Museum for Central Africa and other institutions has been checked and re-identified when necessary. Results. In total, 320 species were recorded, 232 of which from the Itimbiri, 246 from the Aruwimi, and 187 from the Lindi/Tshopo, with the Mormyridae being the most dominant family in all three basins. Micralestes sardina Poll, 1938 is relegated to synonymy with Micralestes humilis Boulenger, 1899, and Enteromius trinotatus (Fowler, 1936) is designated as a replacement name for Enteromius tetraspilus (Pfeffer, 1896). Within the Aruwimi, a clear difference in species richness and composition is apparent between the headwaters (Ituri/Epulu) and the lower reaches near the Congo main stream. The headwaters are characterised by low species richness, with the Cyprinidae being the most dominant family, while the lower reaches are more species rich, with mormyrid species being the most dominant. The presence of two waterfalls on the Ituri/Epulu has a noticeable impact on the fish distribution. Finally, the hypothesis that an ancient connection between the north-eastern part of the Congo basin and the region of the Albertine Rift is still reflected in their present ichthyofauna is not confirmed. Conclusions. This study provides a first checklist of the ichthyofauna in the north-eastern tributaries of the Congo basin, and illustrates the influence of physical barriers on fish diversity and distribution.

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Morphometry and DNA barcoding reveal cryptic diversity in the genus Enteromius (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from the Congo basin, Africa

Cited by 27 publications

References 27 publications

DNA barcoding fishes from the Congo and the Lower Guinean provinces: Assembling a reference library for poorly inventoried fauna

DNA barcoding fishes from the Congo and the Lower Guinean provinces: Assembling a reference library for poorly inventoried fauna

An annotated checklist of the fish fauna of the river systems draining the Kahuzi‐Biega National Park (Upper Congo: Eastern DR Congo)

Ichthyofauna of the Itimbiri, Aruwimi, and Lindi/Tshopo rivers (Congo basin): Diversity and distribution patterns

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