Morphophysiological variation in some Mexican species of vegetable Amaranthus: evolutionary tendencies under domestication

Mapes, Cristina; Caballero, Javier; Espitia, Eduardo; Bye, Robert

doi:10.1007/bf00123280

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Esta selección antropogénica constituye así un factor que provoca cambios genéticos en las poblaciones vegetales involucradas a lo largo del tiempo en un proceso evolutivo que se inicia con la interacción con las plantas silvestres, continúa con su transformación a plantas arvenses, protegidas, o promovidas, las cuales difieren en cierto grado de las poblaciones silvestres y alcanza sus niveles de mayor intensidad con las plantas domesticadas, las cuales por lo común son morfológica y genéticamente diferentes a sus parientes silvestres (De Wet y Harlan 1965;Schwanitz 1967, Harlan 1976Bye 1979b;Hawkes 1983). La domesticación de plantas y la manipulación de la variabilidad genética de las plantas es todavía un proceso actual y multidireccional en México (Bye 1981;Casas et al 1998 Mapes et al 1996Mapes et al , et al 1977b). …”

Section: La Manipulación De Las Plantas Y Los Procesos De Domesticaciónunclassified

Patrones en el conocimiento, uso y manejo de plantas en pueblos indígenas de México

Caballero¹,

Casas²,

Cortés³

et al. 1998

Estud. Atacameños (En línea)

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Se presenta una síntesis de información etnobiológica obtenida entre grupos indígenas de México, analizando tendencias y patrones en las formas de conocer, utilizar y manipular los recursos biológicos. Los sistemas indígenas de nomenclatura y clasificación de plantas son altamente elaborados y complejos. Aunque en general éstos parecen seguir los principios generales de clasificación folk descubiertos por Brent Berlin y otros autores, se observan algunas categorías taxonómicas y sistemas de nomenclatura estrechamente asociados a las formas de uso de los recursos locales. La subsistencia de las poblaciones indígenas ha estado basada en una estrategia que combina diferentes prácticas productivas y que aprovecha una gran diversidad de productos disponibles tanto espacial como temporalmente. Esta estrategia involucra también el aprovechamiento integral de un amplio espectro de especies de plantas y variabilidad genética intraespecífica bajo diferentes niveles de domesticación.ABSTRACTAn overview of ethnobiological information obtained among Indian peoples of Mexico is presented, analyzing patterns and tendencies in the forms of perceiving, using, and manipulating plant resources. The plant classification folk systems studied are highly complex. Although in general they follow the general principles formulated by Brent Berlin and other scholars, some significant variations are observed. Subsistence has been based on a strategy which combines different productive activities and takes advantage of a wide variety of plant products available both in time and space. This subsistence strategy also involves managing a wide variety of resources under different degrees of domestication by humans.

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Section: La Manipulación De Las Plantas Y Los Procesos De Domesticaciónunclassified

Patrones en el conocimiento, uso y manejo de plantas en pueblos indígenas de México

Caballero¹,

Casas²,

Cortés³

et al. 1998

Estud. Atacameños (En línea)

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“…In Mexico, ethnobotanical studies have documented different forms of plant management at individual, population, or community levels involving wild, weedy, and domesticated plants; such variation allows analyzing variation of management forms as well as causes of that variation. Gathering and agriculture are two main categories of human-plants interactions, but some intermediate management types or “incipient” management forms have also been documented [1,2,5,11,12,25-27]. Management practices may be carried out in the habitats where plants naturally occur (forests in the case of wild plants and human-made environments in the case of weeds), and for this reason these are called in situ management techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and socio-cultural factors influencing plant management in Náhuatl communities of the Tehuacán Valley, Mexico

Blancas

Casas

Pérez-Salicrup

et al. 2013

J Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine

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146

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BackgroundManagement types and their intensity may vary according to indicators such as: (1) practices complexity, (2) degree of techniques specialization, (3) occurrence and types of social regulations, (4) artificial selection intensity, (5) energy invested, (6) tools types, and (7) amounts of resources obtained. Management types of edible plants were characterized and analyzed in Náhuatl communities of the Tehuacán Valley. We expected that both natural and human pressures generate risk on plant resources availability, influencing human responses of management directed to decrease risk. We particularly hypothesized that magnitude of risk would be a direct function of human pressures favored by cultural and economic value and ecological factors such as scarcity (restricted distribution and abundance). Management practices may decrease risk of plant resources, more effectively when they are more intense; however, absence or insufficiency of management practices on endangered plants may favor loss of their populations. Understanding current management motives and their consequences on the purpose of ensuring availability of plant resources might allow us to understand similar processes occurring in the past. This issue is particularly important to be studied in the Tehuacán Valley, where archaeologists documented possible scenarios motivating origins of plant management by agriculture during prehistory.MethodsThrough ethnobotanical collecting, 55 semi-structured and free listing interviews we inventoried edible plant species used in five villages of Coyomeapan, Mexico. We identified: (1) native plant species whose products are obtained exclusively through simple gathering, (2) native species involving simple gathering and other management types, and (3) non-native species managed by agricultural management. We conducted in depth studies on the 33 native species managed through gathering and other types of practices. We carried out a total of 660 sessions of detailed interviews to 20 households randomly selected. We showed to people voucher specimens and photos of the sample of species chosen and documented their cultural and economic values. Spatial availability of these plant species was evaluated through vegetation sampling. Values for each cultural, economic, and ecological indicator were codified and averaged or summed and weighed according to frequency of interviewees’ responses or ecological conditions per plant species. With the standardized values of these indicators we performed a PCA and scores of the first principal component were considered as a risk index, which summarizes information of thirteen indicators of human use, demand and scarcity of each plant species. Similarly, eleven indicators of energy invested, complexity, tools and management strategies were used for performing PCA and scores of the first principal component were considered as management intensity index for each plant species. A linear regression analysis was performed to analyze the relation between risk and management intensity ind...

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“…Also, it is common practice to intentionally scatter seeds of useful weedy plants within agricultural fields to increase their abundance. Examples have been documented with Amaranthus hybridus , Anoda cristata , Crotalaria pumila , Physalis philadelphica and Porophyllum ruderale by Casas et al (1996) and Mapes et al (1996).Protection. This includes the deliberate elimination of competitors and predators of useful plants, as well as their pruning, protection against frosts, and addition of fertilizers, to ensure the availability of wild and weedy plants of special value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ Management and Domestication of Plants in Mesoamerica

Casas¹,

Otero-Arnaiz²,

et al. 2007

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Background and AimsEthnobotanical studies in Mexico have documented that Mesoamerican peoples practise systems of in situ management of wild and weedy vegetation directed to control availability of useful plants. In situ management includes let standing, encouraging growing and protection of individual plants of useful species during clearance of vegetation, which in some cases may involve artificial selection. The aim of this study was to review, complement and re-analyse information from three case studies which examined patterns of morphological, physiological and genetic effects of artificial selection in plant populations under in situ management in the region.MethodsInformation on wild and in situ managed populations of the herbaceous weedy plants Anoda cristata and Crotalaria pumila, the tree Leucaena esculenta subsp. esculenta and the columnar cacti Escontria chiotilla, Polaskia chichipe and Stenocereus stellatus from Central Mexico was re-analysed. Analyses compared morphology and frequency of morphological variants, germination patterns, and population genetics parameters between wild and managed in situ populations of the species studied. Species of columnar cacti are under different management intensities and their populations, including cultivated stands of P. chichipe and S. stellatus, were also compared between species.Key ResultsSignificant differences in morphology, germination patterns and genetic variation documented between wild, in situ managed and cultivated populations of the species studied are associated with higher frequencies of phenotypes favoured by humans in managed populations. Genetic diversity in managed populations of E. chiotilla and P. chichipe is slightly lower than in wild populations but in managed populations of S. stellatus variation was higher than in the wild. However, genetic distance between populations was generally small and influenced more by geographic distance than by management.ConclusionsArtificial selection operating on in situ managed populations of the species analysed is causing incipient domestication. This process could be acting on any of the 600–700 plant species documented to be under in situ management in Mesoamerica. In situ domestication of plants could be relevant to understand early processes of domestication and current conditions of in situ conservation of plant genetic resources.

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Morphophysiological variation in some Mexican species of vegetable Amaranthus: evolutionary tendencies under domestication

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Patrones en el conocimiento, uso y manejo de plantas en pueblos indígenas de México

Patrones en el conocimiento, uso y manejo de plantas en pueblos indígenas de México

Ecological and socio-cultural factors influencing plant management in Náhuatl communities of the Tehuacán Valley, Mexico

In situ Management and Domestication of Plants in Mesoamerica

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