Morphotectonics and incision of the Kaoping submarine canyon, SW Taiwan orogenic wedge

Chiang, Cheng-Shing; Yu, Ho‐Shing

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.02.008

Cited by 73 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The middle reach runs straight southeastward, makes a sharp turn into its southwest course, connects to the lower reach which flows sinuously on the Gaoping Deep-sea Fan and finally into the northern Manila Trench (Yu et al 2009). The morphology of the GSC is strongly controlled by mud diapiric intrusions and the thrust faulting system (Chiang and Yu 2006;Yu et al 2009). …”

Section: Study Area and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentological characteristics and seafloor failure offshore SW Taiwan

Hsu

et al. 2018

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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In this study, analysis results reveal two main deposition zones are located at the flank of upper Gaoping Submarine Canyon and Lower Fangliao Basin offshore SW Taiwan. The non-event related sediments deposited in past 150 years (i.e., 632 Mt km -2 ) was delivered and transported from Gaoping River by suspension process with tides and coastal currents and gradually spread out offshore. Meanwhile, the total mass of accumulation sediments is 1922 Mt km -2 , accounting for 40% Gaoping River's sediment load and suggesting that the deposition process is mainly controlled by natural hazards. Sedimentation rates in much of the study area, except in the main deposition zones, are less than 0.5 cm yr -1 (5 m kyr -1 ). Compared with the studies at the instability seafloor caused by high sedimentation rates (~30 m kyr -1 ), the offshore southwestern Taiwan is relatively stable. In this study, we also discovered a series of sediment waves located on the upper continental slope between Gaoping and Fangliao Submarine Canyons, which is related to the creeping process on seafloor. In summary, our results reveal the fluid activities, existence of weak layers and earthquake triggering are potential factors which might induced seafloor failures offshore southwestern Taiwan.

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Section: Study Area and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentological characteristics and seafloor failure offshore SW Taiwan

Hsu

et al. 2018

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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“…1). A series of mud diapirs is found in the upper-slope domain (Sun and Liu 1993;Chiang and Yu 2006;Chen et al 2010Chen et al , 2014. The diapiric structures strike in a NE-SW direction, parallel to the structural trend of the folds and thrust faults, and can be traced to adjacent onshore structures (Chiu et al 2006), indicating active fluid expulsion in the accretionary wedge.…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic site response of submarine slope offshore southwestern Taiwan

Lin¹,

Chen²,

Su³

et al. 2018

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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Widely distributed Bottom-Simulating Reflectors (BSRs) have been observed in the area offshore of southwestern Taiwan where the active accretionary complex meets with the passive China continental margin. In order to clarify the link between seismic site response and sedimentary properties of submarine slope, we evaluate the response of seafloor sediments in regard to passive dynamic loads. The local site effect produced by shallow marine sediments was characterized by estimating the horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratios of data recorded by the short-period Ocean Bottom Seismometers (OBSs). The results show that the maximal H/V ratios appeared in the range of 3.66 -9.28 Hz, suggesting that the fundamental frequency is dominated by the effect related to the very shallow sediments. For most stations, the H/V ratios estimated based on the earthquakes and noise records were characterized by different patterns. Relatively broad H/V pattern was obtained when the signals were extracted from earthquakes. This phenomenon may be related to soil nonlinearity when a stronger motion applies. In comparison with the available geological structures and bulk density distribution obtained from coring experiments, we found a relatively higher fundamental frequency of about 8 -9 Hz for the more rigid material, such as mud diapir and folding axes. For most of the area along the slope, the fundamental frequency shows a relatively low value, about 6 -8 Hz. Finally, when a site is characterized by thick or lowest bulk density sedimentary layer, we observed a fundamental frequency lower than 5 Hz, which is the lowest in our assessment.

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“…Liu et al [5] and Chiang and Yu [26] recognized the multiple cut-and-fill events in the Kaoping Canyon but without discussing the significance in terms of thalweg erosion. The ancient erosional surface indicates the initial phase of canyon erosion and followed by subsequent partial infilling of sediments.…”

Section: Episodes Of Cutting and Fillingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentary erosive processes and sediment dispersal in Kaoping submarine canyon

Chiang¹,

2010

Sci. China Earth Sci.

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The Kaoping submarine canyon, connected to the Kaoping River in the coastal plain in SW Taiwan, continues the dispersal path of modern Kaoping River sediments, from an active small mountainous drain basin to the receiving basin of the South China Sea. Using seismic reflection sections, Chirp sonar profiles, and bathymetric mapping, we reveal characteristic erosive processes responsible for multiple cut-and-fill features, deeply entrenched thalweg, and sediment dispersal that are closely related to turbidity currents in the canyon. The river-canyon connection setting, along with extreme climatic conditions and active tectonism, is favorable for generation of turbidity currents at the canyon head. The upper reach of the Kaoping Canyon is distinguished into three distinct morpho/sedimentary features. The canyon head is characterized by V-shaped axial thalweg erosion. The sinuous segment of the upper reach is dominated by a deeply incised canyon pathway with trough-like morphology. Relatively small-scaled features of cut-and-fill associated with the dominant incision process are commonly along the canyon floor, resulting in a flat-floored pathway. Sliding and slumping dominated the steep canyon walls, producing and transporting sediments to canyon floor and partially filling up canyon thalweg. The meandering segment is characterized by erosive features where deeply down-cutting occurs in the outer bend of the major sea valley, forming V-shaped entrenched thalweg. The recurrences of turbidity currents have allowed continuous incision of the canyon head and have kept the connection between the canyon head and the river mouth during Holocene highstand of sea level. The upper reach of the Kaoping Canyon is linked to drainage area and maintains as a conduit and/or sink for terrigenous and shallow marine material. Sediment-laden river plume operates in the Kaoping River-Canyon system, with turbidity currents flushing river sediments into the canyon head where the canyon thalweg is the most erosive. Presently, the upper reach of the Kaoping Canyon can be considered as a temporal sediment sink. entrenched thalweg, cut-and-fill, sediment dispersal, active submarine canyon Citation:Chiang C S, Yu H S. Sedimentary erosive processes and sediment dispersal in Kaoping submarine canyon.

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Morphotectonics and incision of the Kaoping submarine canyon, SW Taiwan orogenic wedge

Cited by 73 publications

References 25 publications

Sedimentological characteristics and seafloor failure offshore SW Taiwan

Sedimentological characteristics and seafloor failure offshore SW Taiwan

Seismic site response of submarine slope offshore southwestern Taiwan

Sedimentary erosive processes and sediment dispersal in Kaoping submarine canyon

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