Mortality and hospital admission rates for unintentional nonfire-related carbon monoxide poisoning across Canada: a trend analysis

Lavigne, Éric; Weichenthal, Scott; Wong, Joan; Smith‐Doiron, Marc; Dugandzic, Rose; Kosatsky, Tom

doi:10.9778/cmajo.20140122

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The study found that between 1998 and 2019, there was a steady decline in the annual number of deaths caused by UNFR CO poisoning. A similar trend has been found in other studies in England and Wales [ 4 ] as well as in other countries, such as Canada [ 14 ] and the United States [ 15 , 16 ]. However, there are still many clearly preventable deaths; for example, those amongst men working alone in outbuildings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Deaths occurred in all months, with the most occurring in winter (42%). This trend has been observed in many other studies [ 5 , 14 , 18 , 24 , 25 ]. High risk behaviours to keep warm in cooler months, such as using unventilated appliances to heat the home or running car engines inside enclosed spaces, such as garages, are likely factors here.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…However, it is estimated that only approximately 19% of UK homes have a CO alarm, which is lower than smoke alarm installations [ 17 ]. The percentage of UK households with CO alarms installed is much lower than the 29–33% in the United States [ 18 ] and around 40% in Canada [ 14 ]. Other possible reasons for the decrease include higher living standards, safer appliances, using registered gas appliance fitters, gas appliances being serviced regularly, increased legislation [ 19 ], and awareness campaigns, such as the UK CO Awareness Week [ 20 ] organised by the Policy Connects communications group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fatal Unintentional Non-Fire Related Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Data from Narrative Verdicts in England and Wales, 1998–2019

Close¹,

Iqbal²,

Jones

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Unintentional non-fire related (UNFR) carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning continues to cause fatalities. The narrative verdicts from coroners concerning fatal UNFR CO poisoning in England and Wales, 1998–2019, were collated by the Office for National Statistics. Search terms related to CO exposure were used to obtain information regarding the circumstances of death. Findings were grouped by the location of death, the source of CO, and the reason or behaviour underlying the exposure. There were 750 deaths (77% male). The annual number of deaths decreased over the period studied. Two thirds (68%) of the deaths occurred in the autumn or winter. From the records with information, 59% of deaths occurred within a dwelling (67% male). Males also predominated deaths within vehicles (91%) and garages or outbuildings (95%). From the deaths with information, domestic piped gas was the most common source of CO (36%) and the most frequent underlying factor was inadequate ventilation of exhaust gases (39%, 91% male). Despite the decrease in the annual number of deaths over the study period, there remains a clear need for measures that raise awareness of the dangers of CO poisoning, especially amongst men working alone in garages or outbuildings. Education campaigns and fitting and maintaining CO alarms in high-risk areas should be encouraged.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fatal Unintentional Non-Fire Related Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Data from Narrative Verdicts in England and Wales, 1998–2019

Close¹,

Iqbal²,

Jones

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…By evaluating their reports, we reached an average of 267 deaths per year that helps to emphasize the importance of the current problem to take preventive measures. Winter, unsurprisingly, was the season in which the death incidents peaked similar to other reports [14–16]. Also, we calculated the risk of CO-related death according to the provinces to discover the most vulnerable places to poisoning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Mapping of carbon monoxide related death risk in Turkey: a ten-year analysis based on news agency records

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundCarbon-monoxide (CO) poisoning is a substantial cause of preventable mortality. In Turkey, no nationwide data are being collected nowadays. In our study, we aimed to assess the trend in deaths related to CO exposure in all provinces of Turkey in a 10-year period by using the records of a news agency which collects the news from the majority of the national newspapers, local newspapers and television channels.MethodsIn this study, 27,881 news items that were released between January 2008 to December 2017 which included keywords of “poisoning” and “death” or “carbon monoxide” and “death” were evaluated. 2667 non-fire related deaths were used in the final analyses.ResultsIn a 10-year period, the risk of CO-related death in Turkey was 0.35/100000. 1371 (51.4%) of the victims were male and the median age of the patients was 45 years (range, 15 days-108 years). Most of the deaths occurred ≥50 years of age. Stoves were the predominant source [n = 2096 (78.6%)]. There was a stagnating trend of CO-related deaths. Most of the incidents occurred in winter. The Middle Anatolian region was of the highest risk in CO-related mortality.ConclusionsIn conclusion, CO poisoning is still a considerable public health concern in Turkey. Results of our study showed that stoves are still frequently being used and are the cause of death especially in rural areas with lower socioeconomic status. A better organized, nationwide surveillance and management approaches are needed to demonstrate the true burden CO related morbidity and mortality as well as its prevention in Turkey.

show abstract

“…Tobacco smoke and vehicles left idling in attached garages or near open windows and building air intakes also contribute to indoor concentrations [ 1 , 2 ]. Intentional and unintentional indoor CO exposure is linked to substantial burden of disease world-wide [ 3 – 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the experimental evidence on the toxicokinetics of carbon monoxide: the potential role of pathophysiology among susceptible groups

Barn¹,

Giles²,

Héroux³

et al. 2018

Environ Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundAcute high level carbon monoxide (CO) exposure can cause immediate cardio-respiratory arrest in anyone, but the effects of lower level exposures in susceptible persons are less well known. The percentage of CO-bound hemoglobin in blood (carboxyhemoglobin; COHb) is a marker of exposure and potential health outcomes. Indoor air quality guidelines developed by the World Health Organization and Health Canada, among others, are set so that CO exposure does not lead to COHb levels above 2.0%, a target based on experimental evidence on toxicodynamic relationships between COHb and cardiac performance among persons with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The guidelines do not consider the role of pathophysiological influences on toxicokinetic relationships. Physiological deficits that contribute to increased CO uptake, decreased CO elimination, and increased COHb formation can alter relationships between CO exposures and resulting COHb levels, and consequently, the severity of outcomes. Following three fatalities attributed to CO in a long-term care facility (LTCF), we queried whether pathologies other than CVD could alter CO-COHb relationships. Our primary objective was to inform susceptibility-specific modeling that accounts for physiological deficits that may alter CO-COHb relationships, ultimately to better inform CO management in LTCFs.MethodsWe reviewed experimental studies investigating relationships between CO, COHb, and outcomes related to health or physiological outcomes among healthy persons, persons with CVD, and six additional physiologically susceptible groups considered relevant to LTCF residents: persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), anemia, cerebrovascular disease (CBD), heart failure, multiple co-morbidities, and persons of older age (≥ 60 years).ResultsWe identified 54 studies published since 1946. Six studies investigated toxicokinetics among healthy persons, and the remaining investigated toxicodynamics, mainly among healthy persons and persons with CVD. We identified one study each of CO dynamics in persons with COPD, anemia and persons of older age, and no studies of persons with CBD, heart failure, or multiple co-morbidities. Considerable heterogeneity existed for exposure scenarios and outcomes investigated.ConclusionsLimited experimental human evidence on the effects of physiological deficits relevant to CO kinetics exists to support indoor air CO guidelines. Both experimentation and modeling are needed to assess how physiological deficits influence the CO-COHb relationship, particularly at sub-acute exposures relevant to indoor environments. Such evidence would better inform indoor air quality guidelines and CO management in indoor settings where susceptible groups are housed.

show abstract

Mortality and hospital admission rates for unintentional nonfire-related carbon monoxide poisoning across Canada: a trend analysis

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Fatal Unintentional Non-Fire Related Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Data from Narrative Verdicts in England and Wales, 1998–2019

Fatal Unintentional Non-Fire Related Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Data from Narrative Verdicts in England and Wales, 1998–2019

Mapping of carbon monoxide related death risk in Turkey: a ten-year analysis based on news agency records

A review of the experimental evidence on the toxicokinetics of carbon monoxide: the potential role of pathophysiology among susceptible groups

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About