Mortality of fecal bacteria in seawater

García‐Lara, Jorge; Menon, P. K. B.; Servais, Pierre; Billen, Gilles

doi:10.1128/aem.57.3.885-888.1991

Cited by 40 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Protists were the major factor responsible for the decay in the total number of enteric bacteria. This is in agreement with the results of Garcia-Lara et al (15), who reported no significant effects of bacteriophages on the survival of fecal bacteria in seawater.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Characterization of culturability, protistan grazing, and death of enteric bacteria in aquatic ecosystems

González

Iriberri

Egea

et al. 1992

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Nonstained bacteria (NSB), rhodamine-stained bacteria (RSB), and fluorescence-labeled bacteria (FLB) were prepared from two enteric bacterial species, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. Counts of CFU of NSB and RSB and total numbers of RSB and FLB were monitored over time, both in the presence and in the absence of natural microbiota. In the presence of natural microbiota, no differences were observed between CFU counts of NSB and RSB, but RSB total numbers were 1 to 4 orders of magnitude higher than CFU numbers. Therefore, the use of standard bacteriological media causes an important underestimation of the total number of enteric bacteria. In the absence of natural microbiota, the total numbers of NSB, RSB, and FLB remained constant over time. These results showed that RSB are a reliable indicator of the decay in both the total number and the CFU of enteric bacteria in natural water samples. By using RSB, enteric bacteria were classified as culturable cells, nonculturable cells (or somnicells), and dead cells in the presence of natural microbiota. In the presence of natural microbiota, differences between RSB and FLB direct counts were detected for E. coli, but not for E. faecalis. These differences were explained by size-selective grazing. Thus, protistan grazing was found to be the main cause of the decrease in total numbers of enteric bacteria in our experiments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Characterization of culturability, protistan grazing, and death of enteric bacteria in aquatic ecosystems

González

Iriberri

Egea

et al. 1992

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Despite the indication from these studies that sewage constituents are moving rapidly reef-ward in the subsurface, tools to date have not been able to adequately document if human sewage or wastewater is reaching the outer reef tract. Issues in detecting a sewage signal offshore include rapid die-off of traditional faecal indicator bacteria in marine water (Fujioka et al, 1988;Garcia-lara et al, 1991;Griffin et al, 2001;Lipp and Griffin, 2004), adsorption of nutrients in the subsurface or uptake of nutrients by biota in nearshore surface waters (Lapointe et al, 1990;Corbett et al, 1999), or dilution effects. Furthermore, while seepage of groundwater in coral reefs where porosity in the subsurface tends to be high is well documented (Simmons, 1992), there has been no systematic evaluation of contamination in groundwater underlying the outer reef tract.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Issues in detecting a sewage signal offshore include rapid die‐off of traditional faecal indicator bacteria in marine water (Fujioka et al. , 1988; Garcia‐lara et al. , 1991; Griffin et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human enteric viruses in groundwater indicate offshore transport of human sewage to coral reefs of the Upper Florida Keys

Futch

Griffin

Lipp

2010

Environmental Microbiology

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To address the issue of human sewage reaching corals along the main reef of the Florida Keys, samples were collected from surface water, groundwater and coral [surface mucopolysaccharide layers (SML)] along a 10 km transect near Key Largo, FL. Samples were collected semi-annually between July 2003 and September 2005 and processed for faecal indicator bacteria (faecal coliform bacteria, enterococci and Clostridium perfringens) and human-specific enteric viruses (enterovirus RNA and adenovirus DNA) by (RT)-nested polymerase chain reaction. Faecal indicator bacteria concentrations were generally higher nearshore and in the coral SML. Enteric viruses were evenly distributed across the transect stations. Adenoviruses were detected in 37 of 75 samples collected (49.3%) whereas enteroviruses were only found in 8 of 75 samples (10.7%). Both viruses were detected twice as frequently in coral compared with surface water or groundwater. Offshore, viruses were most likely to be found in groundwater, especially during the wet summer season. These data suggest that polluted groundwater may be moving to the outer reef environment in the Florida Keys.

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“…During this period the bacteria are affected by several abiotic factors such as light , temperature (Anderson et al 1983), presence of toxic substances (Grimes et al 1986) or lack of nutrients/starvation (Lopez-Torres et al 1988), and by biotic factors such as protistan grazing McMeekin 1979, 1980;Barcina et al 1986; Garcia-Lara et al 1991), lysis by bacteriophages (Proctor et al 1988;Bergh et al 1989) and lytic bacteria (McCambridge and McMeekin 1979;Guerrero et al 1986), or competitive processes between bacteria (Mitchell 1968 ;Jannash 1969). Several works (McCambridge and McMeekin 1979;Fenchel 1982;Gameson 1984;Porter et al 1985;Rassoulzadegan and Sheldon 1986;Sherr et al 1986;McManus and Furhman 1988;Garcia-Lara et al 1991) point to protistan grazing as the main factor that is responsible for bacterial elimination in aquatic systems. Although a number of techniques have been used to measure the grazing activities of planktonic protists (B6rsheim 1984;Landry et al 1984;Sherr ei al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential elimination of enteric bacteria by protists in a freshwater system

Iriberri

Azúa

Labirua-Iturburu

et al. 1994

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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The short-term (1 h) and long-term (3 d) elimination of low and high densities of five enteric bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus epidermidis, by flagellate and ciliate protists were measured in a freshwater system. In addition, the two processes, ingestion and digestion, which cause the disappearance of those enteric bacteria as time passes, were quantified. The results showed that the elimination of these enteric bacteria by protists depends on their initial density, which confirms that the lower the bacterial density the more difficult is their elimination. On the other hand, the short-term and long-term elimination rates of each enteric bacteria were different, and moreover, the order of priority for elimination in the two cases was not the same. Escherichia coli showed the highest elimination rate in short-term experiments, while Aer. hydrophila disappeared at highest rates in long-term experiments. This different order of priority in the elimination rates and the different digestion rates on the five enteric bacteria by phagotrophic protists indicated that the elimination in time is very much influenced by the digestive capacity on each enteric bacteria of those protists. Thus, the low digestion rates of Ent. faecalis and Staph. epidermidis by flagellates and ciliates as well as their low disappearance percentages in the long-term experiments confirm that enteric Gram-positive bacteria are eliminated from the aquatic systems at lower rates, because their digestion is difficult.

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Mortality of fecal bacteria in seawater

Cited by 40 publications

References 22 publications

Characterization of culturability, protistan grazing, and death of enteric bacteria in aquatic ecosystems

Characterization of culturability, protistan grazing, and death of enteric bacteria in aquatic ecosystems

Human enteric viruses in groundwater indicate offshore transport of human sewage to coral reefs of the Upper Florida Keys

Differential elimination of enteric bacteria by protists in a freshwater system

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