Mosaic reconstruction of blood vessels in mouse neocortical tissue transplanted into the third ventricle of rat brain

Nakano, Yukiteru; Takei, Kohtaro; Toya, Shigeo; Tsukada, Yasuzo; Ghandour, Saïd; Kohsaka, Shinichi

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)91084-6

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…For instance, acidic FGF, which is the principal angiogenic factor in the brain, is highly conserved among vertebrates (Risau et a1.,1988). Otherwise, in other models of xenografts, angiogenesis occurs clearly within 10 d (mouse to rat, Nakano et al, 1989;Mrejen et al, 1992;rabbit to mouse, Mrejen et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This delayed angiogenesis also implies that host endothelial cells do not form blood vessels rapidly in the graft. Using various markers, a number of researchers have demonstrated that capillary walls in transplants derive from endothelial cells of both donor and host origin (Lindsay and Raisman, 1984;IQ-urn and Rosenstein, 1988;Nakano et al, 1989;Sloan et al, 1990;Mrejen et al, 1992). The fast migration of host cells into rodent transplants is most probably related to the presence of angiogenic factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term delayed vascularization of human neural transplants to the rat brain

et al. 1994

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Human neural transplants are being developed to treat Parkinson's disease. Previous characterization of human transplants focused on neuronal development, while little is known of the interaction between the transplant and its environment, among which blood is of prime importance. We evaluated here the formation of blood vessels in human neural xenografts placed into the brain of rats immunosuppressed with cyclosporin A. Using capillary wall markers, we found that human transplants remain virtually nonvascularized for more than 1 month. Angiogenesis takes place very slowly and the density of blood vessels is still quite poor after 3 months, the fine structure of these capillaries, when they form, is apparently normal. Functional studies indicate that the vascular network formed in the transplant allows blood circulation and exhibits a working barrier to macromolecules. Glucose uptake and consumption and cytochrome oxidase activity are almost undetectable up to 3 months after grafting. These results demonstrate that vascularization is much delayed in human xenografts into the rat brain. This delay is likely to be dependent on the maturation of the transplanted tissue. A dedifferentiation of human endothelial cells cotransplanted with neural cells occurs since histochemical and immunocytochemical markers revealing endothelial cells in the human fetus are not present up to 1 month in the transplant. The origin of this phenomenon is a matter of speculation. How neural cells survive and mature in such conditions are issues of prime interest for the future of human neural grafting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term delayed vascularization of human neural transplants to the rat brain

et al. 1994

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“…Statistical morphometrical analyses of the vascular beds substantiates this assumption, since no changes in capillary densities were detected between the grafts and their respective controls. This interpretation is in agreement with observations by other investigators (Raisman et al, 1985;Krum and Rosenstein, 1987;Nakano et al, 1989;Broadwell et al, 1991). Because pieces of chopped graft tissues could no longer be distinguished individually within the grafts after 10 days, vascular connections are probably reestablished between these pieces by this time.…”

Section: Vascular Permeabilitysupporting

confidence: 94%

Regeneration of neurosecretory axons into intrahypothalamic grafts of neural lobe, sciatic nerve, and optic nerve: a neurophysin-immunohistochemical, HRP-histochemical, and fine structural study

Ouassat

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“…It has been shown that blood vessels in ventral mesencepahlic grafts are permeable to proteins up to 2-3 weeks after grafting (Granholm et al, 1996), although there is a variability between grafts, and some animals do not retain a complete BBB over longer time periods (Klausen et al, 1992;Rosenstein, 1996). Angiogenesis within the transplanted tissue is formed by a mosaic contribution of both host and donor epithelial cells (Broadwell et al, 1991;Nakano et al, 1989). Thus, there might be a variability between grafts from where the blood vessels are derived, which may be the reason why some grafts showed a permeable BBB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for target‐specific outgrowth from subpopulations of grafted human dopamine neurons

Strömberg

Törnqvist

Johansson

et al. 2001

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Clinical and experimental grafting in Parkinson's disease has shown the need for enhanced survival of dopamine neurons to obtain improved functional recovery. In addition, it has been suggested that a limited number of surviving dopamine neurons project to the dopamine-denervated host striatum. The aim of this study was to investigate if subpopulations of ventral mesencephalic dopamine neurons project to their normal targets, i.e., dorsal vs. ventral striatum. Following implantation of human ventral mesencepahlic tissue into the lateral ventricle of dopamine-depleted rats, human-derived dopamine reinnervation was achieved both in dorsal and ventral striatum. Treatment with the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) resulted in a degeneration of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive nerve fibers in dorsal striatum but not in ventral areas in some animals, while MPTP was without effect in other animals. TH-immunoreactive neurons were small and appeared shrunken in animals carrying grafts affected by the MPTP treatment. In conclusion, grafted dopamine neurons projected nerve fibers into areas that they normally innervate. Thus, when searching for factors that may enhance survival of grafted dopamine neurons it is important to study which subpopulation(s) of ventral mesencephalic dopamine neurons is affected, such that a proper reinnervation may be achieved.

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Mosaic reconstruction of blood vessels in mouse neocortical tissue transplanted into the third ventricle of rat brain

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

Long-term delayed vascularization of human neural transplants to the rat brain

Long-term delayed vascularization of human neural transplants to the rat brain

Regeneration of neurosecretory axons into intrahypothalamic grafts of neural lobe, sciatic nerve, and optic nerve: a neurophysin-immunohistochemical, HRP-histochemical, and fine structural study

Evidence for target‐specific outgrowth from subpopulations of grafted human dopamine neurons

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