Mosquito Repellents

Bunker, Charles W. O.; Hirschfelder, Arthur D.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1925.s1-5.359

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Tests of yellow fever mosquitoes often have indicated the greater repellency of alcohols, aldehydes, and related compounds compared to hydrocarbons (Hwang et al, 1985;Zaki et al, 2005), thus supporting Bunker and Hirschfelder's (1925) early observation on the greater overall efficacy of oxygenated compounds as mosquito repellents. Our olfactometer results confirmed Kline et al's (2003) result that linalool strongly repels yellow fever mosquitoes, but the olfactometer test did not discriminate among compounds as well as did the module assay; there was no correlation between the results of these two assays.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Anointing Chemicals and Hematophagous Arthropods: Responses by Ticks and Mosquitoes to Citrus (Rutaceae) Peel Exudates and Monoterpene Components

et al. 2011

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Some birds and mammals roll on or wipe themselves with the fruits or leaves of Citrus spp. or other Rutaceae. These anointing behaviors, as with anointing in general, are thought to function in the topical acquisition of chemicals that deter consumers, including hematophagous arthropods. We measured avoidance and other responses by nymphal lone star ticks (Amblyomma americanum) and adult female yellow fever mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) to lemon peel exudate and to 24 volatile monoterpenes (racemates and isomers), including hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, acetates, ketones, and oxides, present in citrus fruits and leaves in order to examine their potential as arthropod deterrents. Ticks allowed to crawl up vertically suspended paper strips onto a chemically treated zone avoided the peel exudate and geraniol, citronellol, citral, carveol, geranyl acetate, α-terpineol, citronellyl acetate, and carvone. Ticks confined in chemically treated paper packets subsequently were impaired in climbing and other behaviors following exposure to the peel exudate and, of the compounds tested, most impaired to carveol. Mosquitoes confined in chambers with chemically treated feeding membranes landed and fed less, and flew more, when exposed to the peel exudate than to controls, and when exposed to aldehydes, oxides, or alcohols versus most hydrocarbons or controls. However, attraction by mosquitoes in an olfactometer was not inhibited by either lemon peel exudate or most of the compounds we tested. Our results support the notion that anointing by vertebrates with citrus-derived chemicals deters ticks. We suggest that some topically applied compounds are converted into more potent arthropod deterrents when oxidized on the integument of anointed animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Anointing Chemicals and Hematophagous Arthropods: Responses by Ticks and Mosquitoes to Citrus (Rutaceae) Peel Exudates and Monoterpene Components

et al. 2011

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“…This oil is still used today in a variety of applications and has historically served as a standard for comparison of new repellents 37. Other early essential oils and household remedies included those from cassia oil,38 pennyroyal, cedar, lavender, eucalyptus, peppermint, castor oil, menthol, nutmeg, crushed pepper, lemon juice and leeks 39. An initial compilation of these mixtures and their application as repellents and insecticides was summarized by Howard40 and Howard and Bishopp 41…”

Section: Structural Diversity Of Chemical Repellentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior to the start of World War II, there were limited data available on candidate repellents, or methods for evaluating repellents both in the laboratory and field. Some reports even questioned the validity of earlier work owing to issues of chemical or essential oil purity and variability in testing procedures 39, 42. Tests conducted by Bacot and Talbot,38 Bunker and Hirschfelder,39 Rudolfs,43 Moore44 and Granett45 represent some of the first documented work on evaluating chemicals and mixtures for insect repellency.…”

Section: Structural Diversity Of Chemical Repellentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some reports even questioned the validity of earlier work owing to issues of chemical or essential oil purity and variability in testing procedures 39, 42. Tests conducted by Bacot and Talbot,38 Bunker and Hirschfelder,39 Rudolfs,43 Moore44 and Granett45 represent some of the first documented work on evaluating chemicals and mixtures for insect repellency. At the time there were limited reports on activity of individual compounds, as many recommended repellents were mixtures or plant extracts.…”

Section: Structural Diversity Of Chemical Repellentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the time there were limited reports on activity of individual compounds, as many recommended repellents were mixtures or plant extracts. Bunker and Hirschfelder39 were among the first to approach these questions from a chemical perspective by testing a series of simple hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, esters, alcohols and phenols. From this study they concluded that alcohols, esters, ketones and aldehydes were more effective than the hydrocarbons and phenol ethers tested.…”

Section: Structural Diversity Of Chemical Repellentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mosquito repellents: a review of chemical structure diversity and olfaction

2010

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Research on mosquito chemical repellents continues to advance, along with knowledge of mosquito olfaction and behavior, mosquito-host interactions and chemical structure. New tools and technologies have revealed information about insect olfactory mechanisms and processing, providing a more complex approach for the interpretation of how chemical repellents influence host-seeking and feeding behavior. Even with these advances, there is still a large amount of information contained in the early works on insect repellents. Many of the standard test methods and chemicals that are still used for evaluating active repellents were developed in the 1940s. These studies contain valuable references to the activity of different structural classes of chemicals, and serve as a guide to optimization of select compounds for insect repellency effects.

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A Symposium on Human Malaria with Special Reference to North America and the Caribbean Region

1942

JAMA

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Facilities for blood film diagnosis A few public health labs. Central Lab.: 5 am¬ bulatory clinics since 1937 Government Lab. (Belize) Medical aid in only 16.2% of all deaths 1938 Fruit Company Hos¬ pitals in port cities have good labs. Public Health Labs. (15) & ambulatory clinics Public Health Labs. in San Jose; special surveys Methods of routine diagnosis 14 MALARIA Relative frequency species of malaria plasmodia6 P. falciparum P. vivax P. malariae P. vivax and P. falciparum about equal P. malariae (imported) P. falciparum 90.3% P. vivax 9.2% P. malariae 0.3% P. falciparum 65% P. vivax 32% P. malariae 3% No data; all three species present P. falciparum 55% P. vivax 43 %

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Mosquito Repellents

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Anointing Chemicals and Hematophagous Arthropods: Responses by Ticks and Mosquitoes to Citrus (Rutaceae) Peel Exudates and Monoterpene Components

Anointing Chemicals and Hematophagous Arthropods: Responses by Ticks and Mosquitoes to Citrus (Rutaceae) Peel Exudates and Monoterpene Components

Mosquito repellents: a review of chemical structure diversity and olfaction

A Symposium on Human Malaria with Special Reference to North America and the Caribbean Region

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