“…The main audience for this emerging material was aspiring middle-class and moderate elites (Phillips, 2003, p. 83). The migration of teenagers to towns and cities from the countryside, the rise of bourgeois and mercantile classes, and an increase in young men and women working away from home in other households meant that social and family structures were changing (Riddy, 1996). Absent parents meant that "in urban households, mistresses and female employers played a central part in the upbringing of young women working within the household" (Phillips, 2003, p. 76); high status young people would have learned behaviour at home and so had no need for texts (Phillips, 2003, p. 83).…”