Mothering Style and Infant Behavioral Development in Yunnan Snub-Nosed Monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) in China

Li, Tengfei; Bao-ping, Ren; Li, Dayong; Zhu, Pingfen; Li, Ming

doi:10.1007/s10764-013-9687-7

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Based on the group's pattern of fission‐fusion behavior, the Nature Reserve management decided to split this band [Ren et al, ] into a smaller band (provisioned band at Xiangguqing, PX) of ca. ninety‐five individuals, including one AMU with approximately 30 males and eight OMUs [Li et al, ], and a larger unprovisioned band of more than 360 individuals. Two permanently employed rangers from the Nature Reserve have provisioned the smaller band since May 2008 to enhance monitoring and data collection at close distances.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aiming low: A resident male's rank predicts takeover success by challenging males in Yunnan snub‐nosed monkeys

Zhu

Bao-ping

Garber

et al. 2016

American J Primatol

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In many primate species that form one-male breeding units (OMUs), the threat of a takeover by a bachelor male represents a major challenge to group stability and individual reproductive success. In the case of snub-nosed monkeys, which live in large multilevel or modular societies (MLS) comprising several OMUs that travel, feed and rest together and as well as one or more all male units (AMUs), the process by which rival males challenge resident OMU males for access to females is poorly understood. From September 2012 to October 2013, we recorded 48 cases in which rival males visited an OMU in a MLS of Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) inhabiting the Baimaxueshan National Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province, China. In 40 cases, rival males engaged in mild agonistic interactions (approaching, staring, teeth-baring and chasing) but failed to take over the group; we counted these visits as failed takeovers, recognizing that they may nevertheless allow rival males to assess the competitive ability of residents. During eight successful takeovers, however, there was severe physical aggression between challenging and resident males, with serious injuries to participants. We found that neither the number of adult and subadult females in an OMU, the number of non-pregnant, non-lactating adult females in an OMU, nor the rank of a resident male relative to other resident males in the MLS predicted which OMU a challenging male targeted for takeover. However, a resident male's rank significantly predicted whether takeover attempts were successful. Specifically, challenging males were more successful in displacing a lower-ranking resident male than a higher-ranking male. Given that a Yunnan snub-nosed monkey MLS may contain as many as 40 resident and 36 bachelor males, continued research is required to determine the set of factors that enable resident males to maintain high social rank and successfully defend their harems. Am. J. Primatol. 78:974-982, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After provisioning, band members commonly remained at the provisioning site for an additional 2–3 hr and rested or travelled to other parts of the Xiangguqing Mountains to feed. Additional details of the study band and provisioning process have been published elsewhere [Li et al, , ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aiming low: A resident male's rank predicts takeover success by challenging males in Yunnan snub‐nosed monkeys

Zhu

Bao-ping

Garber

et al. 2016

American J Primatol

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“…dominance hierarchy), and family and affiliation network over their maternal style. Patterns of carrying and nursing by the three multiparous females (Física, Ana and Janete) were consistent across successive infants, although all of them changed position in the group dominance hierarchy (Falótico, Verderane, Resende, Ottoni, & Izar, 2003) and experienced changes in the size of their families due to deaths, births, and migrations more than once. Furthermore, Física and Ana, the two oldest females in the group, presented the most stable maternal but also the most distinct from one another.…”

Section: Protective Stylementioning

confidence: 83%

Estilos de cuidado materno em primatas: considerações a partir de uma espécie do Novo Mundo

Verderane

Izar

2019

Psicol. USP

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Resumo Quando buscamos entender o comportamento humano, comparações com primatas não humanos são especialmente relevantes para identificar homoplasias (características semelhantes que evoluem independentemente em diferentes espécies). Neste artigo, apresentamos um estudo longitudinal de dois anos sobre o comportamento materno de macacos-prego (Sapajus spp.) em condições naturalísticas. Nossos resultados permitiram identificar estilos de cuidado distintos dentro de um contínuo de permissividade a proteção. O desenvolvimento observado do vínculo entre mães e filhotes sugere que o período de dependência de filhotes de macaco-prego envolve, além de processos de maturação física, o estabelecimento e desenvolvimento de processos psicológicos associados ao sistema de apego. É possível que a variabilidade de estilos maternos resultante da combinação de características de mães, filhotes e contextos socioecológicos, aliada ao prolongamento do vínculo de apego, pavimente caminhos para diferentes trajetórias de desenvolvimento. Como em humanos, esse pode ser um dos mecanismos pelos quais surgem e se consolidam as diferenças interindividuais nas populações adultas.

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“…The study band has been provisioned twice daily (approximately 9:00 and 17:00 hr) since May 2008 with lichen, carrots, apples, pumpkin seeds and bamboo shoots provided in a small area (900 m 2 ) within their home range. The diet of our study band consisted largely of natural foods present in their home range (for a detailed description of the origin of the study band and the methods of provisioning see (Li, Ren, Li, Zhang, & Li, ; Li, Ren, Li, Zhu, & Li, ; Zhu et al, )).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal changes in social cohesion among males in a same‐sex primate group

Zhu

Grueter

Garber

et al. 2018

American J Primatol

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Male-male interactions in mixed-sex groups of social mammals are typically characterized by a mix of hostility and affiliation, as a result of inherent conflicts over mating opportunities, and the costs and benefits of social alliances, co-operative behaviors, and coalitionary defense. In species of nonhuman primates that form all-male groups, it is still unclear how the tradeoffs between the benefits of forming an all-male group and the cost of male-male competition in seeking mating opportunities with females in bisexual groups influence social cohesion in different seasons. Here, we used social network analysis to quantify the impact of reproductive seasonality on social cohesion and clique size of bachelor males residing in an all-male unit (AMU) in wild black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti). These primates are strict seasonal breeders and live in a modular social system composed of a number of one-male units (OMUs) and an associated peripheral AMU. We found that the AMU social network had a significantly lower density, centralization, clustering coefficient, and smaller clique size during the mating season compared to the non-mating period. However, aggression among AMU males during both mating and non-mating periods was low. Our results suggest that network structure topology in male same-sex social units is modulated by seasonal changes. Bachelor males engage in two types of competition to gain reproductive success: first, which is analogous to contest competition, in which bachelor males act aggressively and challenge OMU leader males in an attempt to take over an OMU; and second, which is more analogous to scramble competition, in which bachelor males avoid aggressive interactions and instead engage in sneaky copulations with fertile females. Our work adds to an understanding of the maintenance of all-male groups in species that form a multilevel society.

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Mothering Style and Infant Behavioral Development in Yunnan Snub-Nosed Monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) in China

Cited by 17 publications

References 42 publications

Aiming low: A resident male's rank predicts takeover success by challenging males in Yunnan snub‐nosed monkeys

Aiming low: A resident male's rank predicts takeover success by challenging males in Yunnan snub‐nosed monkeys

Estilos de cuidado materno em primatas: considerações a partir de uma espécie do Novo Mundo

Seasonal changes in social cohesion among males in a same‐sex primate group

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