Motion sickness susceptibility in healthy subjects and vestibular patients: Effects of gender, age and trait-anxiety

Paillard, Aurora; Quarck, Gaëlle; Paolino, F; Denise, Pierre; Paolino, Marco; Golding, John F.; Ghulyan-Bedikian, Vénéra

doi:10.3233/ves-130501

Cited by 145 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Previous research has found inconsistent findings when looking at older samples (Kennedy et al, 2010;Benoit et al, 2015). Even though age has been reported as a user characteristic likely to predict motion sickness (Golding, 2006), the results from this review support previous research that there may be a decline in susceptibility to VR sickness as a person ages (Paillard et al, 2013). However, as there are a limited number of studies including older samples, these results should be interpreted with caution.…”

Section: Age and Vr Sicknesssupporting

confidence: 65%

Factors Associated With Virtual Reality Sickness in Head-Mounted Displays: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Saredakis

Szpak

Birckhead

et al. 2020

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

449

261

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Section: Age and Vr Sicknesssupporting

confidence: 65%

Factors Associated With Virtual Reality Sickness in Head-Mounted Displays: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Saredakis

Szpak

Birckhead

et al. 2020

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

449

261

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Previous research has found inconsistent findings when looking at older samples (Benoit et al, 2015;Kennedy et al, 2010). Even though age has been reported as a user characteristic likely to predict motion sickness (Golding, 2006), the results from this review support previous research that there may be a decline in susceptibility to VR sickness as a person ages (Paillard et al, 2013). However, as there are a limited number of studies including older samples, these results should be interpreted with caution.…”

Section: Age and Vr Sicknesssupporting

confidence: 59%

Factors associated with virtual reality sickness in head-mounted displays: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Saredakis¹,

Szpak²,

Birckhead³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The use of head-mounted displays (HMD) for virtual reality (VR) application-based purposes including therapy, rehabilitation, and training is increasing. Despite advancements in VR technologies, many users still experience sickness symptoms. VR sickness may be influenced by technological differences within HMDs such as resolution and refresh rate, however VR content also plays a significant role. The primary objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the literature on HMD’s that report Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) scores to determine the impact of content. User factors associated with VR sickness were also examined. A systematic search was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Fifty-five articles met inclusion criteria, representing 3,016 participants (mean age range 19.5-80; 41% female). Findings show gaming content recorded the highest total SSQ mean 34.26 (95%CI 29.57-38.95). VR sickness profiles were also influenced by visual stimulation, locomotion and exposure times. Older samples (mean age ≥35 years) scored significantly lower total SSQ means than younger samples, however these findings are based on a small evidence base as a limited number of studies included older users. No sex differences were found. Across all types of content, the pooled total SSQ mean was relatively high 28.00 (95%CI 24.66-31.35) compared with recommended SSQ cut-off scores. These findings are of relevance for informing future research and the application of VR in different contexts.

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“…Heightened anxiety in females may render them more susceptible to motion sickness than males, as heightened state- (Tucker and Reinhardt, 1967) and traitanxiety (Paillard et al, 2013) are strongly related to cybersickness (Ling et al, 2011).…”

Section: Female Hormonal Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Reality Is Sexist: But It Does Not Have to Be

2020

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The aim of this study was to assess what drives gender-based differences in the experience of cybersickness within virtual environments. In general, those who have studied cybersickness (i.e., motion sickness associated with virtual reality [VR] exposure), oftentimes report that females are more susceptible than males. As there are many individual factors that could contribute to gender differences, understanding the biggest drivers could help point to solutions. Two experiments were conducted in which males and females were exposed for 20 min to a virtual rollercoaster. In the first experiment, individual factors that may contribute to cybersickness were assessed via self-report, body measurements, and surveys. Cybersickness was measured via the simulator sickness questionnaire and physiological sensor data. Interpupillary distance (IPD) non-fit was found to be the primary driver of gender differences in cybersickness, with motion sickness susceptibility identified as a secondary driver. Females whose IPD could not be properly fit to the VR headset and had a high motion sickness history suffered the most cybersickness and did not fully recover within 1 h post exposure. A follow-on experiment demonstrated that when females could properly fit their IPD to the VR headset, they experienced cybersickness in a manner similar to males, with high cybersickness immediately upon cessation of VR exposure but recovery within 1 h post exposure. Taken together, the results suggest that gender differences in cybersickness may be largely contingent on whether or not the VR display can be fit to the IPD of the user; with a substantially greater proportion of females unable to achieve a good fit. VR displays may need to be redesigned to have a wider IPD adjustable range in order to reduce cybersickness rates, especially among females.

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Motion sickness susceptibility in healthy subjects and vestibular patients: Effects of gender, age and trait-anxiety

Cited by 145 publications

References 14 publications

Factors Associated With Virtual Reality Sickness in Head-Mounted Displays: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Factors Associated With Virtual Reality Sickness in Head-Mounted Displays: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Factors associated with virtual reality sickness in head-mounted displays: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Virtual Reality Is Sexist: But It Does Not Have to Be

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