Motional induction in North Atlantic circulation models

Flosadóttir, Á. H.; Larsen, Jimmy C.; Smith, J. Torquil

doi:10.1029/96jc03603

Cited by 44 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…See a detailed discussion in e.g. Flosadóttir et al (1997) and Fofonoff and Millard (1983). We have not attempted to include any effects caused by temperature or depth variations but have used only large-scale lateral water conductivity variations based on lateral salinity variations.…”

Section: Water Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Crustal conductivity in Fennoscandia—a compilation of a database on crustal conductance in the Fennoscandian Shield

et al. 2014

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A priori knowledge on large-scale sub-surface conductivity structure is required in many applications investigating electrical properties of the lithosphere. A map on crustal conductivity for the Fennoscandian Shield and its surrounding oceans, sea basins and continental areas is presented. The map is based on a new database on crustal conductance, i.e. depth integrated conductivity, where all available information on the conductivity of the bedrock, sedimentary cover and seawater are compiled together for the first time for the Fennoscandian Shield. The final model consists of eight separate layers to allow a 3D description of conductivity structures. The first three layers, viz. water, sediments and the first bedrock layer, describe the combined conductance of the uppermost 10 km. The other five bedrock layers contain the data of the crustal conductance from the depth of 10 km to the depth of 60 km. The database covers an area from 0• E to 50• E and 50• N to 85• N. Water conductances are estimated from bathymetric data by converting depths to conductances and taking into account the salinity variations in the Baltic Sea. Conductance of the sedimentary cover includes estimates on the conductance of both marine and continental sediments. Bedrock conductances are extrapolated from 1D-and 2D-models. Extrapolations are based on data from magnetometer array studies, airborne electromagnetic surveys and other electromagnetic investigations as well as on other geophysical and geological data. The crustal conductivity structure appears to be very heterogeneous. Upper crust, in particular, has a very complex structure reflecting a complex geological history. Lower crust seems to be slightly more homogeneous although large regional contrasts are found in both the Archaean and Palaeoproterozoic areas.

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Section: Water Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Crustal conductivity in Fennoscandia—a compilation of a database on crustal conductance in the Fennoscandian Shield

et al. 2014

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“…Numerical modelling of the motionally induced electric fields confirms the presence of the oceaninduced fields on land (Stephenson and Bryan, 1992;Vanyan et al, 1992;Flosadottir et al, 1997;Tyler et al, 1997). Thus, the motionally induced electric field can be detected and measured not only in seas and oceans but also on shores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

On-Land Detecting a Motionally Induced Electric Field: Test Measurements in Northern Finland

Palshin

Kaikkonen

Vanyan

et al. 1997

J. geomagn. geoelec

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Test measurements of the electric voltage in Kilpisjarvi, northern Finland during September 9-October 12, 1995 were made with the aim of studying the possibility of detecting a motionally induced electric field by means of a horizontal electric dipole 3800 meters in length located at a distance of about 50 km from the nearest fjord of the Norwegian Sea. In addition to the electric voltage we measured at Kilpisjarvi, the water level, magnetic field and meteorological data from Tromsg, Norway, the meteorological data from Kilpisj arvi and the magnetic field data from Sodankyla, Finland were used in analysis. Raw data were preprocessed to eliminate non-stationarities (remove outliers) and to remove solar daily variations, and were then smoothed. No significant influence of the local temperature, humidity and rainfall on the smoothed voltages was found. Probably due to a source effect the voltage was not coherent with the magnetic field from Tromsg and Sodankyla. The long-period anomaly with the period of about 16 days was observed in the smoothed voltage, water level and air pressure. More data are necessary to derive a definite conclusion about the nature of the observed phenomenon, which is probably associated with direct atmospheric forcing on the coastal zone of the Norwegian Sea.

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“…Following earlier recommendations [Lilley et al, 1993], we used l = 0.1. The solution for the North Atlantic was compared with the solution obtained earlier by Flosadottir et al [1997aFlosadottir et al [ , 1997b. The latter authors accounted for spatial variations of marine sediment and inland conductivity and imposed the vanishing of the electric field potential with an inland distance away from the coastline.…”

Section: Analysis Of Magnetic Field Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The full, 3D version of equation (12) was used by Flosadottir et al [1997aFlosadottir et al [ , 1997b to model the oceaninduced electric field in the North Atlantic. We shall solve equation (12) for the entire globe.…”

Section: Electric Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2] Electro-magnetic induction due to the flow of conducting seawater in the Earth's magnetic field has been a subject of research interest for many years [e.g., Sanford, 1971;Larsen, 1992;Stephenson and Bryan, 1992;Chave and Luther, 1990;Lilley et al, 1993Lilley et al, , 2001Tyler et al, 1997;Flosadottir et al, 1997aFlosadottir et al, , 1997b. Recent increase of research activities [e.g., Tyler et al, 2003;Vivier et al, 2004;Maus and Kuvshinov, 2004] is motivated by possible use of spaceborne magnetometers for monitoring ocean currents and tides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability of the ocean‐induced magnetic field predicted at sea surface and at satellite altitudes

Glazman

Golubev

2005

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Spatial and temporal variability of the magnetic field component induced by ocean circulation is investigated on the basis of a standard thin-shell approximation of electro-and magneto-static equations. Well-known difficulties of numerical solution of the governing equations are resolved by reducing the problem to an equation for the electric field potential, F, as opposed to a more conventional approach focused on the vertical jump, y, of the magnetic field potential across a combined ocean/ marine-sediment-layer spherical shell. The present formulation permits using more realistic input data on ocean currents and ultimately yields much greater (by at least an order of magnitude) values of the magnetic field at sea surface than predicted in earlier studies. Such large values are comparable to, and in some cases exceed, magnetic field variations caused by lithospheric and ionospheric sources on monthly to interannual timescales. At the 400-km altitude (of CHAMP satellite), the field attains 6 nT. The model predictions show favorable comparisons with some in situ measurements as well as with Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) satellite magnetometer data.Citation: Glazman, R. E., and Y. N. Golubev (2005), Variability of the ocean-induced magnetic field predicted at sea surface and at satellite altitudes,

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Motional induction in North Atlantic circulation models

Cited by 44 publications

References 61 publications

Crustal conductivity in Fennoscandia—a compilation of a database on crustal conductance in the Fennoscandian Shield

Crustal conductivity in Fennoscandia—a compilation of a database on crustal conductance in the Fennoscandian Shield

On-Land Detecting a Motionally Induced Electric Field: Test Measurements in Northern Finland

Variability of the ocean‐induced magnetic field predicted at sea surface and at satellite altitudes

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