Motivation to eat and not to eat – The psycho-biological conflict in anorexia nervosa

Frank, Guido; DeGuzman, Marisa C.; Shott, Megan E.

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.04.007

Cited by 49 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Consistently, the findings of functional neuroimaging studies indicate increased sensitivity of the dopaminergic pathways of AN individuals to taste stimuli applied in a manner to evoke reward and to evoke punishment (Frank et al, ). This conclusion fits with the recently proposed psycho‐biological model of AN, based on the conflict between a motivation to restrict food and a body‐homeostasis‐driven motivation to approach food by underfed AN patients (Frank, DeGuzman, & Shott, ). The model proposes a theory of sensitization of a dopaminergic system to support food approach in AN individuals, which is in contradiction with motivation to restrict food.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Structural and functional brain correlates of altered taste processing in anorexia nervosa: A systematic review

Kot

Kucharska

Monteleone

et al. 2019

Euro Eating Disorders Rev

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Objective: A growing body of empirical literature indicates altered taste perception in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN). However, it remains unknown whether the observed impairments in the neural processing of taste stimuli represent etiopathogenetic factors of AN or whether they are a secondary consequence of malnutrition.Method: In the current systematic review, scientific studies were identified using the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases. A supplemental search was performed by searches through reference lists of the relevant publications and via Google Scholar.Results: On the basis of the searches conducted, 16 publications were identified and included in this literature review. The results of those studies point to disturbances in the structure and functioning of brain regions involved in taste processing in AN. Conclusions:The findings of the reviewed studies suggest that altered reward, interoceptive, and cognitive-emotional processing may contribute to abnormal taste processing in AN.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Structural and functional brain correlates of altered taste processing in anorexia nervosa: A systematic review

Kot

Kucharska

Monteleone

et al. 2019

Euro Eating Disorders Rev

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“…Alterations in dopamine and associated changes in reward have been implicated in AN (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31). Importantly, dopamine also modulates physical activity (32)(33)(34), as exemplified by increased psychomotor activity resulting from increased dopamine transmission with psychostimulants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerable and Resilient Phenotypes in a Mouse Model of Anorexia Nervosa

Beeler

Mourra

Zanca

et al. 2021

Biological Psychiatry

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BACKGROUND: Increased physical activity is a common feature of anorexia nervosa (AN). Although high activity levels are associated with greater risk of developing AN, particularly when combined with dieting, most individuals who diet and exercise maintain a healthy body weight. It is unclear why some individuals develop AN while most do not. A rodent model of resilience and vulnerability to AN would be valuable to research. Dopamine, which is believed to play a crucial role in AN, regulates both reward and activity and may modulate vulnerability. METHODS: Adolescent and young adult female C57BL/6N mice were tested in the activity-based anorexia (ABA) model, with an extended period of food restriction in adult mice. ABA was also tested in dopamine transporter knockdown mice and wild-type littermates. Mice that adapted to conditions and maintained a stable body weight were characterized as resilient. RESULTS: In adults, vulnerable and resilient phenotypes emerged in both the ABA and food-restricted mice without wheels. Vulnerable mice exhibited a pronounced increase in running throughout the light cycle, which dramatically peaked prior to requiring removal from the experiment. Resilient mice exhibited an adaptive decrease in total running, appropriate food anticipatory activity, and increased consumption, thereby achieving stable body weight. Hyperdopaminergia accelerated progression of the vulnerable phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: Our demonstration of distinct resilient and vulnerable phenotypes in mouse ABA significantly advances the utility of the model for identifying genes and neural substrates mediating AN risk and resilience. Modulation of dopamine may play a central role in the underlying circuit.

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“…Malnutrition can lead to changes in the brain which impact on neurocognitive processing leading to increased rigidity [72,73]. The women's rapid weight loss may have maintained maladaptive cognitions and behaviours through increased preoccupation/obsessionality with details of diet/shape/weight and increased weight and eating control behaviours [55,74]. Rigid habits may have developed as the women reported preoccupation with food and following rules around eating, such as calories, what food was "safe" or to be avoided, as well as cooking methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Experiences of Women Who Develop Restrictive Eating Behaviours After Bariatric Surgery

2020

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Objective This study aimed to explore the experiences of women who had developed excessively restrictive eating behaviours following bariatric surgery. Method Five female participants, who were at least nine months post-bariatric surgery and exhibiting restrictive eating behaviours, were recruited from Bariatric Surgery Psychology Services and asked to complete qualitative face-to-face semi-structured interviews. The data was analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Results Three super-ordinate themes emerged: (1) experiences of weight stigma and weight history on self, (2) the impact of loose skin, (3) thoughts about food and disordered eating patterns. These captured the impact of past weight-related experiences-including weight stigma, intense fears of weight gain, negative cognitions about the self, the impact of excess skin, changes in the way the women thought about food and restrictive eating behaviours. Discussion This study is one of the first to specifically explore restrictive eating disorders after bariatric surgery using a qualitative approach. The findings of this study may offer helpful aspects for professionals to hold in mind when identifying individuals with problematic restrictive eating behaviours following bariatric surgery. Body contouring surgery, internalised weight bias and weight stigma are explored in relation to the post-bariatric surgery treatment pathway. The current diagnostic criterion for anorexia nervosa are discussed to highlight difficulties in diagnosing this presentation in the post-bariatric surgery population, where people can have BMIs over 25 kg/m 2 but are severely restricting energy intake.

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Motivation to eat and not to eat – The psycho-biological conflict in anorexia nervosa

Cited by 49 publications

References 97 publications

Structural and functional brain correlates of altered taste processing in anorexia nervosa: A systematic review

Structural and functional brain correlates of altered taste processing in anorexia nervosa: A systematic review

Vulnerable and Resilient Phenotypes in a Mouse Model of Anorexia Nervosa

Exploring the Experiences of Women Who Develop Restrictive Eating Behaviours After Bariatric Surgery

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