Motivational Determinants of Flow: Contributions From Self-Determination Theory

Kowal, John; Fortier, Michelle

doi:10.1080/00224549909598391

Cited by 310 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…SDT postulates that the basic psychological needs that foster motivation for tasks are autonomy, competence and relatedness (18) . Perceived competence has been found to be positively related to the state of flow (19) and is thus affected by similar adaptation mechanisms as described before. In-game autonomy, on the other hand, is facilitated not by difficulty-performance matching, but by providing control/choice, which can lead to increased enjoyment (20) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

The effect of different difficulty adaptation strategies on enjoyment and performance in a serious game for memory training

Nagle¹,

Novak

Wolf³

et al. 2014

2014 IEEE 3nd International Conference on Serious Games and Applications for Health (SeGAH)

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Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate two kinds of difficulty adaptation techniques in terms of enjoyment and performance in a simple memory training game: one based on difficultyperformance matching ("task-guided") and the other based on providing a high degree of control/choice ("user-guided"). Methods: Performance and enjoyment are both critical in making serious games effective. Therefore the adaptations were based on two different approaches that are used to sustain performance and enjoyment in serious games: 1) adapting task difficulty to match user performance by leveraging the theories of zone of proximal development and flow, thus maximizing performance that can then lead to increased enjoyment and 2) providing a high degree of control and choice by using constructs from self-determination theory, which maximizes enjoyment, that can potentially increase performance. 24 participants played a simple memory training serious game in a fully randomized, repeated measures design. The primary outcome measures were enjoyment and performance. Results: Enjoyment was significantly greater in user-guided (p < 0.05), whereas performance was significantly greater in taskguided (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that a trade-off between maximizing performance and maximizing enjoyment could be achieved by combining the two approaches into a "hybrid" adaptation mode that gives users a high degree of control in setting difficulty, but also advises them about optimizing performance.Other titles: O efeito de diferentes adaptações de dificuldade em estratégias de diversão e performance em serious games para trieno de memória El efecto de diferentes adaptaciones de dificultades en estrategias de diversion y performance en serious games para entrenamiento de memoria ABSTRACTObjective: The goal of this study was to evaluate two kinds of difficulty adaptation techniques in terms of enjoyment and performance in a simple memory training game: one based on difficulty-performance matching ("task-guided") and the other based on providing a high degree of control/choice ("user-guided"). Methods: Performance and enjoyment are both critical in making serious games effective. Therefore the adaptations were based on two different approaches that are used to sustain performance and enjoyment in serious games: 1) adapting task difficulty to match user performance by leveraging the theories of zone of proximal development and flow, thus maximizing performance that can then lead to increased enjoyment and 2) providing a high degree of control and choice by using constructs from self-determination theory, which maximizes enjoyment, that can potentially increase performance. 24 participants played a simple memory training serious game in a fully randomized, repeated measures design. The primary outcome measures were enjoyment and performance. Results: Enjoyment was significantly greater in user-guided (p < 0.05), whereas performance was significantly greater in task-guided (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results sug...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

The effect of different difficulty adaptation strategies on enjoyment and performance in a serious game for memory training

Nagle¹,

Novak

Wolf³

et al. 2014

2014 IEEE 3nd International Conference on Serious Games and Applications for Health (SeGAH)

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“…The fundamental goals of extrinsically motivated behaviors are to receive organizational rewards or reciprocal benefits [35,50]. Organizational rewards are useful for motivating individuals to perform desired behaviors [51].…”

Section: Extrinsic Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on employee knowledge sharing intentions

Lin

2007

Journal of Information Science

1,035

1,083

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Abstract.Numerous scholars and practitioners claim that motivational factors can facilitate successful knowledge sharing. However, little empirical research has been conducted examining the different kinds of motivation (extrinsic and intrinsic) used to explain employee knowledge sharing behaviors. By integrating a motivational perspective into the theory of reasoned action (TRA), this study examines the role of both extrinsic (expected organizational rewards and reciprocal benefits) and intrinsic (knowledge self-efficacy and enjoyment in helping others) motivators in explaining employee knowledge sharing intentions. Based on a survey of 172 employees from 50 large organizations in Taiwan, this study applies the structural equation modeling approach to investigate the research model. The results showed that motivational factors such as reciprocal benefits, knowledge self-efficacy, and enjoyment in helping others were significantly associated with employee knowledge sharing attitudes and intentions. However, expected organizational rewards did not significantly influence employee attitudes and behavior intentions regarding knowledge sharing. Implications for organizations are discussed.

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“…The person has to feel that it is communicating with his or her family, close circle, a group or community and wants to establish relationships (Ryan & Deci,[41]). To be associated means that the individual is related to other important people in his / her life and lives by feeling belonging to his / her social environment (Kowal & Fortier, [30] ). Motivation: can be defined as the power that moves the person towards his/her needs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Patience Tendency Levels in Terms of Self-determination, Self-compassion and Personality Features

Bülbül¹,

Arslan²

2017

ujer

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The main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between self-determination, self-compassion and the five-factor personality traits of university students. Moreover it was aimed to determine whether self-compassion, self-determination and personality traits predict patience levels at a meaningful level. The sample population of this research consisted of a total of 1166 students; 704 female and 462 male students from the Universities of Bartın, Batman, Konya Necmettin Erbakan and Selçuk. The age range of the students was 17-30 and the average age was 20.89. The method used to determine students' patience points was the patience scale, which was developed by Schnitker [43] and adapted to Turkish by researchers Eliükük and Arslan [16]. The Self-Compassion Scale (Deniz, Kesici & Sümer,[15]), the Adjective Based Personality Test (SDKT) (Bacanlı, İlhan & Arslan, [2]) were used in order to determine the self-compassion scores and the Autonomous Self-Determination Scale (Ersoy & Güldü,[15]) was used to determine the self-determination scores. As a result of the research, a positive relationship was found between all sub-dimensions of patience and self-compassion. There was a significant relationship between the sub-dimensions of patience and the sub-dimension of self-determination. A positive correlation was found between the sub-dimensions of patience and Agreeableness, Openness to experiences and conscientious and a negative relation with Neuroticism. When self-compassion, self-determination and the five-factor personality traits were evaluated separately and together, it was seen that they can predict all sub-dimensions of patience.

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Motivational Determinants of Flow: Contributions From Self-Determination Theory

Cited by 310 publications

References 25 publications

The effect of different difficulty adaptation strategies on enjoyment and performance in a serious game for memory training

The effect of different difficulty adaptation strategies on enjoyment and performance in a serious game for memory training

Effects of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on employee knowledge sharing intentions

Investigation of Patience Tendency Levels in Terms of Self-determination, Self-compassion and Personality Features

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