Motivational properties of hypothalamic aggression in cats.

Roberts, Warren W.; Kiess, Harold O.

doi:10.1037/h0042377

Cited by 111 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…If the target is defenseless, death can result (cf. Roberts and Kiess, 1964). Conversely, if the target is capable of effective counter-aggression, attack gives way to "aggressive" postures, threats, etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EXTINCTION‐INDUCED AGGRESSION¹

Azrin¹,

Hutchinson²,

Hake³

1966

J Exper Analysis Behavior

480

320

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Pigeons were conditioned to peck a response key under a procedure that alternated periods of food reinforcement with periods of extinction. The pigeons attacked a nearby pigeon at the onset of extinction. Some also attacked a stuffed model of a pigeon. The duration of attack was an inverse function of the time since the last food reinforcement and a direct function of the number of reinforcements. The pigeons attacked after the last food delivery whether or not the conditioned pecking response was required and whether or not the extinction period was signaled. The food had to be eaten; the mere sight and sound of food being delivered did not produce attack. Prior satiation reduced attack. The phenomenon was not attributable to a past history of competition between pigeons since socially deprived pigeons also attacked. Superstitious reinforcement of attack was not found to be a factor. The results indicated that the transition from food reinforcement to extinction was an aversive event that produced aggression.When shock is delivered to the feet of an animal, attack results (Ulrich and Azrin, 1962 (Skinner, 1938), attacking of the response lever (Mowrer and Jones, 1943), increased vocalization between children (Azrin and Lindsley, 1956), and increased running speed after omission of a food reinforcement

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EXTINCTION‐INDUCED AGGRESSION¹

Azrin¹,

Hutchinson²,

Hake³

1966

J Exper Analysis Behavior

480

320

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Individual differences in the expression of aggression might be related with several behavioral or adaptive characteristics. In support of the aforementioned, it has been shown that dominance might be based on individual skills during competition and not necessarily the age hierarchy within the social group [4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies on mice reveal that grouping adult male mice in cages can result in increased aggression, and could as well reflect a pattern in the social order of dominance [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. When a group of monkeys of different sizes were merged and the social order of dominance was observed, some small animals were aggressive and constantly challenged the authority of bigger animals in the social structure, while some were placid and did not challenge the bigger animals [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative focus on dynamic motor patterns and age hierarchy in the expression of aggression

Nathaniel¹,

Aremu

Femi³

et al. 2007

Open Life Sciences

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Abstract:In this study, we analyzed the dynamic motor patterns of attack or defense and age hierarchy to investigate aggression in African mole-rats Cryptomys foxi and the house mouse Mus musculus. The objective is to verify if the social order of dominance is associated with age hierarchy within the social group. Using the resident-intruder experimental model, we created a series of dyadic encounters that comprised of a standard adult mouse or rat paired with groups of aggressive and hierarchically age-ranked small animals in a territorial aggression test. Our results indicate that though the adult animals displayed the highest level of aggression, indicating their dominant status, there was no age-related hierarchical formation in the expression of aggression. In the non-territorial aggression test in which rats or mice were grouped together, animals displayed low levels of aggression compared to the territorial test and no hierarchical age-related order. These results indicate that the magnitude of aggression expressed by animals in the social group, based on their motor patterns of attack and defense, seem to depend on individual competitive strategies in reaction to various environmental challenges and not necessarily on age hierarchy.

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“…Stimulus-bound attack, however, has been studied extensively in the cat. It has been divided behaviorally into affective attack and staIking attack (Wasman & Flynn, 1962) for which the more general motivational correlates are escape (Adams & Flynn, 1966) and approach (Roberts & Kiess, 1964), respectively. The present re port describes the preliminary results of stimulusbehavior a live mouse, a dead mouse, two wedges of wood, and several food pellets were paced in the box du ring screening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%