BPS quivers for N = 2 SU (N ) gauge theories are derived via geometric engineering from derived categories of toric Calabi-Yau threefolds. While the outcome is in agreement of previous low energy constructions, the geometric approach leads to several new results. An absence of walls conjecture is formulated for all values of N , relating the field theory BPS spectrum to large radius D-brane bound states. Supporting evidence is presented as explicit computations of BPS degeneracies in some examples. These computations also prove the existence of BPS states of arbitrarily high spin and infinitely many marginal stability walls at weak coupling. Moreover, framed quiver models for framed BPS states are naturally derived from this formalism, as well as a mathematical formulation of framed and unframed BPS degeneracies in terms of motivic and cohomological Donaldson-Thomas invariants. We verify the conjectured absence of BPS states with "exotic" SU (2) R quantum numbers using motivic DT invariants. This application is based in particular on a complete recursive algorithm which determines the unframed BPS spectrum at any point on the Coulomb branch in terms of noncommutative Donaldson-Thomas invariants for framed quiver representations. arXiv:1301.3065v2 [hep-th] 15 Apr 2013 2 W.-Y. CHUANG, D.-E. DIACONESCU, J. MANSCHOT, G. W. MOORE, Y. SOIBELMAN 6.1. A mutation of the SU (3) quiver 72 6.2. A deceptive chamber 73 7. Line defects and framed BPS states 75 7.1. Geometric construction of magnetic line defects 75 7.2. Framed stability conditions 78 7.3. Framed BPS states, Donaldson-Thomas invariants, and wallcrossing 79 7.4. A recursion formula for unframed BPS states 83 7.5. Absence of exotics I 86 8. BPS states and cohomological Hall algebras 90 8.1. Cohomological Hall algebras 90 8.2. Framing and SL(2, C) spin action 92 8.3. Absence of exotics II 94 Appendix A. Exceptional collections and quivers for X N 95 Appendix B. Motives for pedestrians 101 Appendix C. Kronecker modules 103 C.1. Harder-Narasimhan filtrations 104 C.2. Application to representations of the SU (3) quiver 106 Appendix D. Background material on extensions 107 Appendix E. Classifications of fixed points 110 ReferencesThis section contains a detailed construction of a discrete family X N , N ≥ 2 of toric Calabi-Yau threefolds employed in geometric engineering [5,96,101,99,98]