Motor Function Neurological Assessment

Stray, Liv Larsen; Iversen, Synnøve; Stray, Torstein; Ellertsen, Bjørn; Ruud, Anne

doi:10.1037/t38642-000

Cited by 5 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…The tester continually monitors and guides the participant through each subtest. There is a detailed video presentation of all subtests in the DVD accompanying the Norwegian MFNU manual [10]. In an earlier study an Intraclass Correlation (ICC) of consistency, using the two-way mixed Cronbach’s model, was calculated to measure rater agreement.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the Motor Function Neurological Assessment (MFNU) [10] moderate to severe motor problems were found on all 16 subtests in 80–96% of boys with ADHD-combined [11]. Motor problems in children with ADHD are often diagnosed as the DSM-IV diagnosis Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are seen in 40-60% of these children, and typically interpreted as comorbid to the ADHD condition [13-17]. The MFNU was developed because clinical observed motor problems were not detected by standard motor test batteries like the Movement ABC-test [18] nor by the Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological test battery [10,19]. In our prior research, the MFNU revealed marked heightened muscle tone in gross movement muscles like the latissimus dorsi, sacrospinalis, iliopsoas, and calf muscles in children with ADHD [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stray et al [10] demonstrated that children with ADHD typically exhibit a gradual increase in muscle tone when flexion-extension movements are repeated several times in succession, as in several of the MFNU subtests. This pattern, which is not seen in normal control subjects, results in a restricted movement range and in jerkiness [see videofilms in the DVD following the manual and the electronic Paper 10, 11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This pattern, which is not seen in normal control subjects, results in a restricted movement range and in jerkiness [see videofilms in the DVD following the manual and the electronic Paper 10, 11]. These findings may explain why children with ADHD often appear clumsy and uncoordinated in daily activities [10,11], even though some of them are described by parents and teachers as being very skilled athletes. In another study, Stray et al [28] demonstrated that a single dose of methylphenidate (MPH, Ritalin©) improved the motor inhibition problems and muscle tone in boys with ADHD and had a corresponding weaning effect after the MPH was metabolized, very similar to what is seen in the behavioural symptoms of ADHD [see videofilms 10, 28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Motor regulation problems and pain in adults diagnosed with ADHD

et al. 2013

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BackgroundMost children who are diagnosed with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have moderate-to-severe motor problems using the Motor Function Neurological Assessment battery (MFNU). The MFNU focuses on specific muscle adjustment problems associated with ADHD, especially motor inhibition problems and high muscle tone. Here we investigated whether adults with ADHD/hyperkinetic disorder (HKD) have similar motor problems. In our clinical experience, adults with ADHD often complain about back, shoulder, hip, and leg pain. We also investigate reported pain in adults with ADHD.MethodsTwenty-five adult outpatients diagnosed with ADHD/HKD who were responders to methylphenidate (MPH) were compared to 23 non-ADHD controls on 16 MFNU subtests and using a ‘total score’ (‘TS’) parameter. The MFNU test leader was blinded to group identity. The two groups were also compared using the Pain Drawing and Numerical Pain Rating Scale.ResultsThe adult ADHD group had significantly (p < .001) more motor problems (higher TS) than controls. On the muscle regulation subtests, 36–96% of the ADHD group showed ‘moderate’ to ‘severe’ problems compared to 13–52% of the control group, and 80% of the ADHD group reported widespread pain. Highly significant differences were found between the ADHD and control groups for the variables ‘pain level’ (p < .001) and ‘pain location’ (p < .001). Significant correlations were found between TS and ‘pain location’ and between TS and ‘pain level’.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that similar to children with ADHD, adults diagnosed with ADHD also have motor inhibition problems and heightened muscle tone. The presence of significantly higher pain levels and more widespread pain in the ADHD group compared to non-ADHD controls might indicate that pain is a long-term secondary effect of heightened muscle tone and restricted movement that can be demonstrated in children and adults by the MFNU battery.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%