Motor sequence learning in primate: Role of the D2 receptor in movement chunking during consolidation

Tremblay, Pierre-Luc; Bedard, Marc; Lévesque, Maxime; Chebli, Mark; Parent, Maxime; Courtemanche, Richard; Blanchet, Pierre J.

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.11.002

Cited by 46 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…PNS were apparently able to quickly delegate motor planning to automatized self-evolving INT processes; resulting in drastic RT reductions over the first few practice trials. In contrast, PWS' results suggested limited delegation to more automatic subcortical circuits (Graybiel, 1998;Trembley et al, 2009).…”

Section: Chunking Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…One interpretation of the current results is that PWS' chunking is primarily supervised by executive planning circuits with limited delegation to more automatic subcortical circuits (Graybiel, 1998;Trembley et al, 2009). As a result, SEQ processing is relatively typical but INT processing is less automated and susceptible to interference and competition for resources.…”

Section: Implications For Future Neurological Investigationmentioning

confidence: 60%

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Early-stage chunking of finger tapping sequences by persons who stutter and fluent speakers

Smits-Bandstra

Nil

2012

Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics

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This research note explored the hypothesis that chunking differences underlie the slow finger-tap sequencing performance reported in the literature for persons who stutter (PWS) relative to fluent speakers (PNS). Early-stage chunking was defined as an immediate and spontaneous tendency to organize a long sequence into pauses, for motor planning, and chunks of fluent motor performance. A previously published study in which 12 PWS and 12 matched PNS practised a 10-item finger tapping sequence 30 times was examined. Both groups significantly decreased the duration of between-chunk intervals (BCIs) and within-chunk intervals (WCIs) over practice. PNS had significantly shorter WCIs relative to PWS, but minimal differences between groups were found for the number of, or duration of, BCI. Results imply that sequencing differences found between PNS and PWS may be due to differences in automatizing movements within chunks or retrieving chunks from memory rather than chunking per se.

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Section: Chunking Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Implications For Future Neurological Investigationmentioning

confidence: 60%

Early-stage chunking of finger tapping sequences by persons who stutter and fluent speakers

Smits-Bandstra

Nil

2012

Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics

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“…Interestingly, the interaction of both striatum and hippocampus with frontal areas during initial training appears to facilitate the implementation of reproducible motor behavior [7]. While the role of the cortico-striatal circuit in long-term motor sequence acquisition seems to be in the grouping of sequence elements into single-action units (i.e., in creating chunks) [20]–[24], the functional contribution of the hippocampus could be in the detection and formation of higher-order sequential associations [9], [25]–[27] and the stabilization of the motor performance [7]. Yet one important issue that has entirely been overlooked so far by the neuroimaging literature is the extent to which the involvement of neural substrates found in later stages of motor sequence learning, such as the striatum and hippocampus, is modulated by the type of training regimens or learning strategies employed for acquiring a new motor skilled behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Striatal and Hippocampal Involvement in Motor Sequence Chunking Depends on the Learning Strategy

et al. 2014

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Motor sequences can be learned using an incremental approach by starting with a few elements and then adding more as training evolves (e.g., learning a piano piece); conversely, one can use a global approach and practice the whole sequence in every training session (e.g., shifting gears in an automobile). Yet, the neural correlates associated with such learning strategies in motor sequence learning remain largely unexplored to date. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure the cerebral activity of individuals executing the same 8-element sequence after they completed a 4-days training regimen (2 sessions each day) following either a global or incremental strategy. A network comprised of striatal and fronto-parietal regions was engaged significantly regardless of the learning strategy, whereas the global training regimen led to additional cerebellar and temporal lobe recruitment. Analysis of chunking/grouping of sequence elements revealed a common prefrontal network in both conditions during the chunk initiation phase, whereas execution of chunk cores led to higher mediotemporal activity (involving the hippocampus) after global than incremental training. The novelty of our results relate to the recruitment of mediotemporal regions conditional of the learning strategy. Thus, the present findings may have clinical implications suggesting that the ability of patients with lesions to the medial temporal lobe to learn and consolidate new motor sequences may benefit from using an incremental strategy.

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“…Dopamine can modulate each of these loops. Dopamine-receptor blockade in nonhuman primates impairs skill acquisition (Tremblay et al 2009). Deficits of dopamine signaling stemming from Parkinson's disease or dopamine-receptor blockade are both determinants of the rate of skill acquisition (Weickert et al 2013).…”

Section: Time Scales Of Learning and The Formation Of Motor -Motor Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Striatum: Where Skills and Habits Meet

Graybiel

Grafton

2015

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

406

305

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After more than a century of work concentrating on the motor functions of the basal ganglia, new ideas have emerged, suggesting that the basal ganglia also have major functions in relation to learning habits and acquiring motor skills. We review the evidence supporting the role of the striatum in optimizing behavior by refining action selection and in shaping habits and skills as a modulator of motor repertoires. These findings challenge the notion that striatal learning processes are limited to the motor domain. The learning mechanisms supported by striatal circuitry generalize to other domains, including cognitive skills and emotion-related patterns of action.T he nuclei and interconnections of the basal ganglia are widely recognized for modulating motor behavior. Whether measured at the neuronal or regional level, the activities of neurons in the basal ganglia correlate with many movement parameters, particularly those that influence the vigor of an action, such as force and velocity. Pathology within different basal ganglia circuits predictably leads to either hypokinetic or hyperkinetic movement disorders. In parallel, however, the basal ganglia, and especially the striatum, are now widely recognized as being engaged in activity related to learning. Interactions between the dopamine-containing neurons of the midbrain and their targets in the striatum are critical to this function. A fundamental question is how these two capacities-(motor behavior and reinforcement-based learning)-relate to each other and what role the striatum and other basal ganglia nuclei have in forming new behavioral repertoires. Here, we consider relevant physiological properties of the striatum by contrasting two common forms of adaptation found in all mammals: the acquisition of behavioral habits and physical skills.Without resorting to technical definitions, we all have an intuition of what habits and skills are. Tying one's shoes after putting them on is something we consider a habit-part of a behavioral routine. The capacity to tie the laces properly is a skill. Habits and skills have many common features. Habits are consistent behavEditors: Eric R. Kandel, Yadin Dudai, and Mark R. Mayford Additional Perspectives on Learning and Memory available at

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Motor sequence learning in primate: Role of the D2 receptor in movement chunking during consolidation

Cited by 46 publications

References 45 publications

Early-stage chunking of finger tapping sequences by persons who stutter and fluent speakers

Early-stage chunking of finger tapping sequences by persons who stutter and fluent speakers

Striatal and Hippocampal Involvement in Motor Sequence Chunking Depends on the Learning Strategy

The Striatum: Where Skills and Habits Meet

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