Motor Skill Performances of Children Who Are Deaf

Abstract

The Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD) was used to assess the fundamental motor skills of 91 girls and 110 boys aged 4 to 18 years who attended two schools for students who are deaf. Average hearing loss, determined by better ear average, was 96.94 dB (SD = 14.40 dB). Modifications to the procedures for administering the TGMD included visual demonstrations and the use of signing to communicate instructions. The raw score means of subjects aged 4–10 years who were deaf were lower than those of the TGMD standardization sample of same-aged children who could hear at six of seven age levels on both the object-control and locomotor subscales. However, there were relatively small differences in the mean scores of the two groups. Subjects with mature movement patterns for the throw, kick, jump, and run performed better on quantitative tests for those skills than subjects with immature patterns. Typical age and gender patterns of skill acquisition were revealed for both the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the fundamental motor skills examined.

Postural control, motor skills, and health-related quality of life in children with hearing impairment: a systematic review

“…Three studies utilized agematched controls [32,39,40], six studies compared the study population with normal hearing children [28,29,33,34,37,41], and two studies compared the study population with the normative data [35,36].…”

“…Of the 17 articles included, five articles analyzed healthrelated quality of life alone [23,[38][39][40][41], two articles analyzed balance alone [31,33], two articles analyzed motor performance alone [35,36], two articles analyzed vestibular dysfunction alone [27,32], two articles included both vestibular dysfunction and balance [33,34], two articles included both motor performance and balance [28,29], and two articles investigated vestibular, balance as well as motor impairments [30,37].…”

“…Dummer et al [35] have measured the qualitative, and quantitative aspects of fundamental motor skills as well as performance consistency using TGMD-2. The scale includes two skills: locomotion and object control skills.…”

Níveis De Atividade Física: Um Estudo Comparativo Entre Adolescentes Surdos E Ouvintes

“…A vivência motora e seu desempenho empobrecido na infância podem ter impacto especialmente negativo na participação futura nas atividades esportivas. Consequentemente crianças surdas podem apresentar estilos de vida menos ativos durante a adolescência e vida adulta que seus pares ouvintes quando apresentam esse desempenho motor diminuído 23,24 . Os autores Ellis et al 25 , em um estudo mais recente, encontraram em uma amostra de 128 crianças surdas evidências de que as crianças surdas podem apresentar níveis adequados de aptidão física quando são realizadas simples modificações na administração de testes levando em conta principalmente a comunicação e compreensão correta das informações.…”

Age-related changes of single-limb standing balance in children with and without deafness

“…In contrast, they have a hard time maintaining postural stability when both visual and somatosensory inputs are inadequate (Horak, Nashner, and Diener 1990;Nashner 1982). Empirical research suggests that older children with hearing impairment have relatively functional postural stability as a result of the contribution of adaptive sensory compensation (Dummer, Haubenstricker, and Stewart 1996;Horak, Nashner, and Diener 1990;Kaga 1999). According to Kaga's study (1999) …”