Motor Skills of Children and Adolescents Are Influenced by Growing up Barefoot or Shod

Zech, Astrid; Venter, Ranel; Villiers, J. E. De; Sehner, Susanne; Wegscheider, Karl; Hollander, Karsten

doi:10.3389/fped.2018.00115

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…There are increasing social and consumer trends and pressure towards favouring recycling and repurposing for ethical, economic and environmental reasons make it increasingly acceptable to use secondhand clothing and may continue to influence the parent consumer. Despite recent work shifting attention of footwear on motor skill development [8,11,32], our data suggests that further research is needed to understand the impact of social factors on the parent consumer and the impact on children's foot health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

The “price-tag” of foot health in infancy and early childhood: a cross sectional survey of UK parents

et al. 2021

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Children's feet are complex structures and strategies for supporting good foot health throughout childhood are important, but can be challenging. Greater awareness of the contemporary factors influencing decisions, such as footwear purchases, is needed to inform health narratives which are more closely aligned to parents' attitude and behaviours. The aim of this study was to explore parent's knowledge of children's foot health, understand the common foot health concerns and experiences with footcare services. A purposeful sampling approach was used to recruit parents of children aged 5 years and under. Participants completed a selfadministered, online survey which consisted of 39 questions across six sections: (1) Participant demographics;(2) Developmental events (milestones such as crawling and walking); (3) Foot health concerns; (4) Developmental aids (products such as baby bouncers and baby walkers); (5) Footwear; and (6) Foot health information. Both adaptive and mandatory questions were used. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise closed-ended questions and a summative content analysis was adopted to draw inferences from the text data. Two-hundred and thirty-nine parents completed the survey, and this represented female participants (n=213) aged between 34-42 (n=126) or 25-34 (n=83) years of age. The survey generated responses from a wide geographical spread across the UK but the majority of these were from the North West of England (n=75) and South East of England (n=46). Four main themes were drawn from the content analysis:(1) foot health concerns and seeking advice; (2) information and advice; (3) how parents support infant milestone events; and (4) footwear. Conclusion: This work provides insight into parents' perspective on the broad topics of children's foot health, identifying common experiences and concerns about their children's foot health and the factors which influence decision making. Understanding more about these issues will help health professionals support parents during infancy and early years.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

The “price-tag” of foot health in infancy and early childhood: a cross sectional survey of UK parents

et al. 2021

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“…Eight of them were associated with the main risky play categories presented by Sandseter et al [ 23 ]. In addition to these categories, we decided to add four other contexts not included in Sandseter’s list: meeting animals [ 17 , 52 , 53 , 54 ], discovering edible and non-edible plants and berries [ 55 ], playing barefoot [ 56 ], and playing in inclement weather conditions [ 36 , 37 ]. All these situations can be associated with outdoor play, have educational interests and might be subject to parental permission as they can be associated with real or perceived dangers such as the risk of being bitten [ 33 , 54 ], poisoned [ 34 ], burned [ 57 ], or getting sick, respectively [ 58 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Assessment of Benefits and of Dangers Determines Children’s Permission to Play Outdoors

Jidovtseff

Pirard

Martin

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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During the early years, children’s outdoor play is dependent on parental supervision. Parents’ perceptions are likely to influence what the child is permitted to do. To better understand the involved mechanisms in parents’ decision making in such contexts, an online photo-based questionnaire was administered. The tool investigates, in different situations, parents and their children’s experience, parents’ perceptions, and permission to play. A total of 417 parents of children aged from 1.5 and 6.0 completed the questionnaire. Results showed that parents, overall, have a positive attitude towards outdoor play. Main concerns were about risk of injury but in most cases, perceived benefits outweigh perceived dangers. “Sawing wood” was the only situation with a negative benefits/dangers balance. A linear regression analysis revealed that permission to play outdoors is based on parental assessment of benefits and dangers. Perceived benefits appeared to have more influence on parental decision than perceived dangers, while perceived competence had only a small influence. The results also showed that parents’ childhood experience of outdoor play was an important determinant for adults’ perceptions, perhaps demonstrating intergenerational concerns, as outdoor play is in decline. To overcome a negative intergenerational effect on children’s outdoor play, interventions and communication should focus on associated benefits.

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“…Most notable external factors influencing the development of the pediatric foot are climate, socio-economic status and shoe-wearing habits [18,19,22,24]. For example, growing up barefoot, compared to growing up shod, influences pediatric foot arch morphology, foot pliability, the hallux valgus angle, rearfoot strike patterns and motor performance [6,7,25]. Shoes have been identified as an external factor that could significantly influence foot development, as well as gait in children [9,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are habitually barefoot children compelled to wear ill-fitting school shoes? A cross-sectional study

Breet

Venter

2022

BMC Pediatr

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Background Research shows that ill-fitting shoes can negatively impact the development of the pediatric foot, in a very direct manner. The primary aim of the study was to determine if the dimensions of available prescribed school shoes fit the foot dimensions of habitually barefoot South African children and adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted where static standing foot measurements of children and adolescents from urban and rural schools were obtained with a mobile caliper. The maximum heel-toe-length and foot width with an added 10 mm toe- and width fit allowance to each participant, were compared to the corresponding school shoe length and shoe width available in retail. A mixed model ANOVA was used to compare foot dimensions between gender, age and side. Results Six hundred and ninety-eight school children (N = 698) (431 girls; 267 boys; average age 10.86 years, SD = 2.55) were participants. A total of seventy-seven (N = 77) black coloured prescribed school shoes currently available in retail ranging from different styles and brands were measured. Results show that, comparing the shoe length and maximum heel-toe-length of participants, as well as taking 10 mm toe allowance into account, fifty-nine percent (59%) of children wore shoes that were not the correct length. With regards to the shoe width and the added 10 mm of width fit allowance, ninety-eight percent (98%) of the shoes worn by participants were too narrow for their feet. Conclusions Results confirmed that school shoes currently available in retail, are not suited for the habitually barefoot population studied. It is recommended that the shoe manufacturing industry should consider the shoe width of school shoes for children and adolescents in habitually barefoot populations to avoid the long-term negative effect of ill-fitting shoes on the pediatric foot.

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Motor Skills of Children and Adolescents Are Influenced by Growing up Barefoot or Shod

Cited by 24 publications

References 31 publications

The “price-tag” of foot health in infancy and early childhood: a cross sectional survey of UK parents

The “price-tag” of foot health in infancy and early childhood: a cross sectional survey of UK parents

Parental Assessment of Benefits and of Dangers Determines Children’s Permission to Play Outdoors

Are habitually barefoot children compelled to wear ill-fitting school shoes? A cross-sectional study

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