Motorcycle Rider Trajectory in Pitch-Over Brake Applications and Impacts

Frank, Todd A.; Smith, James W.; Hansen, Dana; Werner, Stephen M.

doi:10.4271/2008-01-0164

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The corresponding HIC15 is above the threshold of 650 implying the severe head injury. This situation is similar to the rider trajectory condition under the pitch-over brake applications and impacts [16]. Furthermore, the head impact of child dummy can be used as one of four approaches to modify road user behavior through the increment of road user's awareness of risk for child pillion in motorcycle [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Kinematics and Injury Analysis of Front and Rear Child Pillion Passenger in Motorcycle Crash

Koetniyom

Carmai

Kassim³

et al. 2018

IJAME

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The purpose of this work is to study the kinematics and injury of child pillion passenger from motorcycle-to-car crash tests. Two crash tests for rear and front child pillions were set up. The kinematics of dummies were analysed from accelerometer data and high speed camera pictures. The kinematics and injury mechanisms of the child passenger from both tests are significantly different. For the rear child pillion test, the rider impacted the car before the child passenger. Both rider and child were ejected upward. The child’s head motion was curvilinear towards the car structure. This results in severe head injury due to high HIC. The child sitting at front translated in the longitudinal axis of the motorcycle and impacted the car before the rider. The child’s torso strongly hit to the handlebar first then head hit the car. This results in low value of HIC. The child’s upper-body including neck were compressed between the car and the rider’s torso leading to high risk of severe thorax and neck injuries. The results reveal that the child sitting behind the rider has higher risk of severe head injury while the child sitting before the rider has higher risk of thorax and neck injuries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Kinematics and Injury Analysis of Front and Rear Child Pillion Passenger in Motorcycle Crash

Koetniyom

Carmai

Kassim³

et al. 2018

IJAME

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“…Although longitudinal bicycle and motorcycle dynamics are generally very similar, they are distinctively separated in two groups by the height of COG as well as the ratio between rider and machine mass. A modified motorcycle was fixed to a sledge and put under defined deceleration by Frank, Smith, Hansen, and Werner (2008). To the best of the authors' knowledge, there is no instrumented motorcycle used to investigate pitch-over motion in an in-situ over braking situation.…”

Section: Bicycle Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instrumented Bicycle for Experimental Investigation of Braking Dynamics including Front Brake induced Rear Wheel Lift Up

Skatulla,

Maier,

Schmidt

2023

The Evolving Scholar - BMD 2023, 5th Edition

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Cyclists are usually afraid of using the front brake of their bicycles aggressively. They fear the danger of falling over the handlebar, sustaining serious neck or head injuries. Preventing this pitch-over can be addressed using electronic brake assistance. But little work is found on the dynamics involved, especially of the early phase were mitigating the pitch-over is still possible by brake pressure reduction. To address this, an instrumented bicycle equipped with sensors measuring variables of motion including absolute over ground velocity and attitude is presented. The need for a novel instrumented bicycle capable of capturing pitch-over dynamics and detecting when ground contact is lost, is pointed out. Needed sensors and their calibration is worked out, and the instrumented bicycle is built and tested. The capturing capabilities are shown, and robust jet precise methods of ground contact loss detection are presented.

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Deceleration of Engine-Braked Motorcycles

2023

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One of the key parameters in the analysis of some motorcycle accident dynamics is the motorcycle’s deceleration during engine braking without applying the brakes. Since this issue lies far beyond what is usually of most interest—the critical states of movement—it is only sporadically addressed in the literature; however, these rare cases can be of fundamental importance. In our research, the results of engine-braking deceleration are presented for 26 motorcycles that were in gear with the throttle back. The tests were carried out at an initial speed of 140 km/h (if this was not possible, then from the maximum speed for a given gear) to the speed at which the motorcycle reached a constant speed or when engine operation became unstable. For all motorcycles and all gears, deceleration vs. speed and speed vs. time were plotted. Regression lines were determined, and their equations are provided, along with ±σ and ±2σ limit lines. Engine-braking deceleration was shown to be inversely proportional to both motorcycle speed (higher speed—lower deceleration) and gear number (higher gear—lower deceleration). Moreover, engine-braking deceleration at the top gear of the various motorcycles tested (i.e., 5th or 6th) was found to be close to each other. The data provided are of crucial importance from the motorcycle longitudinal dynamics and vehicle accident analysis standpoints.

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Motorcycle Rider Trajectory in Pitch-Over Brake Applications and Impacts

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Kinematics and Injury Analysis of Front and Rear Child Pillion Passenger in Motorcycle Crash

Kinematics and Injury Analysis of Front and Rear Child Pillion Passenger in Motorcycle Crash

Instrumented Bicycle for Experimental Investigation of Braking Dynamics including Front Brake induced Rear Wheel Lift Up

Deceleration of Engine-Braked Motorcycles

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