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Abstract.A cross-sectional observation survey was carried out among 6 to 12 year old child pillion riders travelling to and from schools by motorcycle. The study focuses on the prevalence of carrying multiple child pillion riders at the same time, to determine the relationship between child pillion riders' safety helmet compliance, and their seating position and foot peg use. A total of 701 riders and 913 school children were observed. Riders' safety helmet use rate was found to be significantly higher (66.8%) than that of child pillion riders' helmet use (14.7%) with OR=11.7 (95%CI 9.2-14.9). It was observed that 29.1% riders were carrying more than one child pillion rider; with female riders more likely to carry more than one pillion rider (OR=1.6, 95%CI 1.1-2.2). Observation on foot peg use showed that the rear motorcycle pillion rider (BP) are more likely to use the foot pegs as compared to the one in the middle (MP) (OR=11.7, 95%CI 7.8, 17.5). Safety helmet use by child pillion riders on route to school was found to be generally low. Furthermore, there is a significant difference in the child pillion rider safety helmet use compliance, according to the seating position. Children who are seated in the middle are less likely to use the safety helmet. Rear child pillion riders are more likely to use the foot pegs. To increase helmet use there is a need for public awareness campaigns on the safety benefits of safety helmet use among school children. In addition, to increase safety of children while riding as pillion rider, the law of carrying only one pillion rider must be enforced strictly.

After five years of establishment, ASEAN NCAP has assessed 62 distinct car models available in the ASEAN market and produced 96 ratings based on the Adult Occupant Protection (AOP) and Child Occupant Protection (COP) rating system. The program has so far drawn participation from 20 different brands or OEMs, signifying a mutual understanding between ASEAN NCAP and OEMs to create a 'safer car' environment in the region. This review presents a compilation of the results as well as ASEAN NCAP's distinctive contribution to the automotive ecosystem in Malaysia, where the program was initiated. In a broader sense, ASEAN NCAP has achieved meaningful and promising results toward a safer automotive ecosystem for Malaysian road users and provided added-value to car ownership.

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