Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome Using Three-Item Recall Test and Its Associations with Fall-Related Outcomes: The Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study

Abstract

Motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome is originally defined as the presence of subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) and slow gait (SG). MCR is well known to be useful for predicting adverse health outcomes, including falls and dementia. However, around four out of five older Korean adults reported SCCs, thereby, it may not be discriminative to define MCR in Korea. We adopted the three-item recall (3IR) test, instead of SCCs, to define MCR. This cross-sectional analysis included 2133 community-dwelling older adults aged 70–84 years, without dementia or any dependence in activities of daily living from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. The newly attempted criteria of MCR using 3IR were met by 105 participants (4.9%). MCR using 3IR showed synergistic effects on fall-related outcomes, whereas the conventional definition of MCR using SCCs was not superior to SG only. MCR using 3IR was associated with falls (odds ratio [OR]: 1.92; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16–3.16), recurrent falls (OR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.12–4.32), falls with injury (OR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.22–3.22), falls with fracture (OR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.09–5.79), fear of falling (OR: 3.00; 95% CI: 1.83–4.92), and low activities-specific balance confidence (OR: 3.13; 95% CI: 1.57–6.25). We found that MCR using 3IR could be useful in predicting fall-related outcomes in a cultural background reporting more SCCs, such as Korea.

Physical and cognitive profiles in motoric cognitive risk syndrome in an older population from Southern Italy

“…Very few studies have specifically investigated the role of different components of the physical domain in relation to MCR. Only one study investigated different physical functions, handgrip strength, usual walking speed, Timed Up and Go test score and SPPB in participants with and without MCR [25], showing that the performance on all physical domains in the MCR group were significantly worse than that of the group without MCR, but without providing any further discussion on the findings. Both gait speed and FTSS test score rely on dynamic balance, but their upstream control depends on different brain regions [45,46].…”

“…By contrast, the association between memory and MCR is still controversial [22,23]. Furthermore, the association of MCR with different aspects of physical function has been not extensively investigated [24,25]. Understanding the impact of cognitive and physical domains associated with MCR could help uncover altered pathways and provide therapeutic targets for intervention during the long preclinical phase of neurodegenerative dementia.…”

Síndrome de risco cognitivo motor em pessoas idosas de um serviço de saúde do Distrito Federal: estudo transversal

“…A nossa hipótese consistia em uma prevalência maior da síndrome nos idosos brasileiros, quando comparados aos idosos do exterior, devido as condições socioeconômicas da população do país, especificamente do Distrito Federal. Os achados do presente estudo corroboram essa hipótese, sendo que na amostra dessa pesquisa encontrou-se uma prevalência de 24% de idosos com a SRCM, enquanto que em estudos anteriores, realizados em outros países, a prevalência da síndrome variou entre 2,65 a 12,8% da amostra 13,14,28,29 .…”

“…Em acréscimo, estudos anteriores que analisaram os fatores associados à presença da SRCM encontraram que a prática de atividade física 12,33 , o excesso de peso 12,14,28,33 , a depressão 12,14,33 , as doenças cardiovasculares (como a hipertensão arterial sistêmica) 34 , as alterações musculoesqueléticas (osteoporose) e a polifarmácia 33 , influenciam na ocorrência da síndrome, o que diverge dos achados do presente estudo, que não demonstrou relação desses mesmos fatores investigados com a presença da SRCM. Tal resultado pode ser explicado pelo tamanho da amostra deste estudo, que não foi suficiente para gerar um tamanho de efeito (poder) adequado -80% -para nenhuma das variáveis analisadas, e pela seleção dos participantes por meio de uma amostra de conveniência proveniente de um serviço de saúde de média complexidade, sendo estas limitações da pesquisa.…”

Functional mobility in older women with and without motoric cognitive risk syndrome: a quantitative assessment using wearable inertial sensors

“…Another factor that may contribute to causing poor performance during turning in women with MCR is represented by impaired balance 47 . In this regard, it is noteworthy that individuals with MCR reported low scores in the activities-specific balance confidence scale 48 thus indicating that they perceive instability in a range of daily activities. This may justify a very cautious approach to all those tasks (like turning) that challenge postural control.…”