Mount Kenya volcanic activity and the Late Cenozoic landscape reorganisation in the upper Tana fluvial system

Veldkamp, A.; Schoorl, J.M.; Wijbrans, J. R.; Claessens, Lieven

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.10.026

Cited by 35 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The so-called short rains are between October and December when the area receives approximately a third of its annual rainfall. The Upper Tana can be divided into two main geological structures: volcanic rocks of the Cenozoic Era are found in the higher mountain areas, while in the lower areas the bedrock consists mainly of metamorphic rocks of the Mozambique belt (Veldkamp et al 2011). The soils in the mountain areas are dominated by volcanic ash soils, while at lower elevations soils are derived from metamorphic rocks, mainly gneiss, banded gneiss and schists, resulting in fertile clay soils as well as poorer leached clay soils (Dijkshoorn et al 2010).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting of intervention areas to reduce reservoir sedimentation in the Tana catchment (Kenya) using SWAT

Hunink¹,

Niadas

Antonaropoulos

et al. 2013

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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A measurement campaign was carried out in the Upper Tana basin (Kenya) to quantify soil erosion and reservoir sedimentation rates, including a bathymetric reservoir survey and sediment load sampling during one year. Then, distributed soil erosion modelling was performed to study sediment budgets throughout the basin and to evaluate the potential of upstream erosion control through vegetated contour strips and check dams. Finally, the areas where these measures would be most effective were identified and local stakeholder associations to implement them were prioritized. The influence of the scale of implementation was evaluated by using the model to consider three adoption scenarios. This study illustrates the relevance of distributed erosion models to target erosion control measures when sufficient information on the eroding areas is available from field surveys. Bathymetric surveys were fundamental to validate the long-term model response, while point measurements were valuable to verify the spatial variability of model predictions.Key words soil erosion; sediment yield; sedimentation rate; distributed model; SWAT; Kenya; erosion control; soil conservation; watershed management Détermination des zones d'intervention pour la réduction de la sédimentation des réservoirs du bassin du Tana (Kenya) en utilisant SWAT Résumé Une campagne de mesures a été réalisée dans le bassin du Haut Tana (Kenya) afin de quantifier l'érosion des sols et les taux de sédimentation dans le réservoir, comprenant une étude bathymétrique du réservoir et l'échantillonnage des sédiments déposés pendant un an. Une modélisation distribuée de l'érosion des sols a ensuite été réalisée pour étudier le bilan des sédiments dans le bassin et évaluer le potentiel de contrôle de l'érosion en amont, par des bandes de végétation suivant les courbes de niveau et des barrages de retenue. Nous avons enfin identifié les zones où ces mesures seraient les plus efficaces, de même que les associations d'intervenants locaux susceptibles de les mettre en oeuvre. L'influence de la mise en oeuvre a été évaluée en utilisant le modèle selon trois scénarios. Cette étude illustre la pertinence des modèles d'érosion distribués pour concevoir des mesures de lutte contre l'érosion lorsque suffisamment d'informations sur les zones érodées, provenant d'enquêtes sur le terrain, sont disponibles. Les levés bathymétriques ont été fondamentaux pour valider la réponse du modèle à long terme, tandis que les mesures ponctuelles ont été utiles pour vérifier la variabilité spatiale des prévisions du modèle.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting of intervention areas to reduce reservoir sedimentation in the Tana catchment (Kenya) using SWAT

Hunink¹,

Niadas

Antonaropoulos

et al. 2013

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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“…Ideally, these techniques should be integrated where appropriate. The papers presented in this special edition (including two other papers published in Geomorphology but presented at the 2010 FLAG meeting: Stokes et al, 2012;Veldkamp et al, 2012) showcase many aspects of these techniques and further demonstrate how river terrace sequences can be used to explore the interplay of tectonicclimatic driving mechanisms for fluvial landscape development. Furthermore, a growing area of river terrace research is archaeology, • FLAG = Fluvial Archives Group (informal group of scientists founded in 1996).…”

Section: Techniques For Analysing River Terrace Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Only terrace records buried by lava flows provide opportunities for accurate dating of early Quaternary or older landform records (e.g. Veldkamp et al, 2012).…”

Section: River Terrace Staircase Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Demir et al, provide new K-Ar results from the River Euphrates suggesting that the early evolution of the Euphrates can be dated to~10 Ma. Veldkamp et al (2012) use Ar-Ar dating of phonolite flows to provide suggest that volcanic activity associated with the development of Mount Kenya had a significant role in blocking Pliocene drainage and the formation of lava dammed lakes at 3.89 and 2.81 Ma. Bridgland et al, and Maddy et al, utilise previously published K-Ar and Ar-Ar datasets to provide age control on the stratigraphy of the Orontes (~6-4 Ma) and Gediz (~1.2 Ma) systems.…”

Section: Techniques For Analysing River Terrace Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the purpose of this special issue is to bring together a set of research papers that demonstrate the multidisciplinary nature of river terrace sequence research. The special edition is also linked to two other research papers (Stokes et al, 2012;Veldkamp et al, 2012) that were incorrectly published as part of the normal research paper editions of Geomorphology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Techniques for analysing Late Cenozoic river terrace sequences

2012

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Shifting mammal communities and declining species richness along an elevational gradient on Mount Kenya

Snider,

Helgen,

Young

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Conservation areas encompassing elevation gradients are biodiversity hotspots because they contain a wide range of habitat types in a relatively small space. Studies of biodiversity patterns along elevation gradients, mostly on small mammal or bird species, have documented a peak in diversity at mid elevations. Here, we report on a field study of medium and large mammals to examine the impact of elevation, habitat type, and gross primary productivity on community structure. Species richness was observed using a camera trap transect with 219 sites situated across different habitat types from 2329 to 4657 m above the sea level on the western slope of Mt Kenya, the second highest mountain in Africa. We found that the lowest elevation natural habitats had the highest species richness and relative abundance and that both metrics decreased steadily as elevation increased, paralleling changes in gross primary productivity, and supporting the energy richness hypothesis. We found no evidence for the mid‐domain effect on species diversity. The lowest elevation degraded Agro‐Forestry lands adjacent to the National Park had high activity of domestic animals and reduced diversity and abundance of native species. The biggest difference in community structure was between protected and unprotected areas, followed by more subtle stepwise differences between habitats at different elevations. Large carnivore species remained relatively consistent but dominant herbivore species shifted along the elevation gradient. There was some habitat specialization and turnover in species, such that the elevation gradient predicts a high diversity of species, demonstrating the high conservation return for protecting mountain ecosystems for biodiversity conservation.

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Mount Kenya volcanic activity and the Late Cenozoic landscape reorganisation in the upper Tana fluvial system

Cited by 35 publications

References 66 publications

Targeting of intervention areas to reduce reservoir sedimentation in the Tana catchment (Kenya) using SWAT

Targeting of intervention areas to reduce reservoir sedimentation in the Tana catchment (Kenya) using SWAT

Techniques for analysing Late Cenozoic river terrace sequences

Shifting mammal communities and declining species richness along an elevational gradient on Mount Kenya

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