Mouth Level Nicotine in a Clinical Setting versus Non-clinical Setting

Watson, Christina; Richter, Patricia; Li, Yao; Phillips, Tracy; Pickworth, Wallace B.; Decastro, Rey; Potts, Jennifer L.; Watson, Clifford H.

doi:10.18001/trs.5.3.2

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Such information provides data related to smoke constituent deliveries as well as behavioral use patterns. Our laboratory successfully used this method to examine the difference in deliveries of nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines [ 31 ], the influence of menthol on smoking behavior [ 32 ], differences in smoking behaviors in a clinical setting [ 33 ], and changes in smoking when cigarette nicotine content is reduced [ 34 , 35 ]. This new luminosity-based, digital-image approach is a low-cost, high-throughput method that provides comparable results to our established liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) solanesol method [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low-Cost, High-Throughput Digital Image Analysis of Stain Patterns on Smoked Cigarette Filter Butts to Estimate Mainstream Smoke Exposure

Watson

Yan

Stanfill

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Standard machine smoking protocols provide useful information for examining the impact of design parameters, such as filter ventilation, on mainstream smoke delivery. Unfortunately, their results do not accurately reflect human smoke exposure. Clinical research and topography devices in human studies yield insights into how products are used, but a clinical setting or smoking a cigarette attached to such a device may alter smoking behavior. To better understand smokers’ use of filtered cigarette products in a more natural environment, we developed a low-cost, high-throughput approach to estimate mainstream cigarette smoke exposure on a per-cigarette basis. This approach uses an inexpensive flatbed scanner to scan smoked cigarette filter butts and custom software to analyze tar-staining patterns. Total luminosity, or optical staining density, of the scanned images provides quantitative information proportional to mainstream smoke-constituent deliveries on a cigarette-by-cigarette basis. Duplicate sample analysis using this new approach and our laboratory’s gold-standard liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) solanesol method yielded comparable results (+7% bias) from the analysis of 20 commercial cigarettes brands (menthol and nonmentholated). The brands varied in design parameters such as length, filter ventilation, and diameter. Plots correlating the luminosity to mainstream smoked-nicotine deliveries on a per-cigarette basis for these cigarette brands were linear (average R2 > 0.91 for nicotine and R2 > 0.83 for the tobacco-specific nitrosamine NNK), on a per-brand basis, with linearity ranging from 0.15 to 3.00 mg nicotine/cigarette. Analysis of spent cigarette filters allows exposures to be characterized on a per-cigarette basis or a “daily dose” via summing across results from all filter butts collected over a 24 h period. This scanner method has a 100-fold lower initial capital cost for equipment than the LC/MS/MS solanesol method and provides high-throughput results (~200 samples per day). Thus, this new method is useful for characterizing exposure related to filtered tobacco-product use.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low-Cost, High-Throughput Digital Image Analysis of Stain Patterns on Smoked Cigarette Filter Butts to Estimate Mainstream Smoke Exposure

Watson

Yan

Stanfill

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Solanesol levels in butts can be used to estimate the obtained mouth level of nicotine intake from each cigarette (13,14). Assessing nicotine exposure per cigarette using solanesol measured in discarded cigarette butts has an advantage over laboratory-based topography measurements because it is noninvasive-smokers can smoke as they normally would outside of the laboratory and mouth-level nicotine intake can be estimated using the cigarette butts at a later time (13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mouth-Level Nicotine Intake Estimates from Discarded Filter Butts to Examine Compensatory Smoking in Low Nicotine Cigarettes

Smith

Koopmeiners

Hatsukami

et al. 2020

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: A mandated reduction in the nicotine content of cigarettes could reduce smoking rate and prevalence. However, one concern is that smokers may compensate by increasing the intensity with which they smoke each cigarette to obtain more nicotine. This study assessed whether smokers engage in compensatory smoking by estimating the mouth-level nicotine intake of low nicotine cigarettes smoked during a clinical trial.Methods: Smokers were randomly assigned to receive cigarettes with one of five nicotine contents for 6 weeks. An additional group received a cigarette with the lowest nicotine content, but an increased tar yield. The obtained mouth-level nicotine intake from discarded cigarette butts for a subset of participants (51-70/ group) was estimated using solanesol as described previously. A compensation index was calculated for each group to estimate the proportion of nicotine per cigarette recovered through changes in smoking intensity.Results: There was no significant increase in smoking intensity for any of the reduced nicotine cigarettes as measured by the compensation index (an estimated 0.4% of the nicotine lost was recovered in the lowest nicotine group; 95% confidence interval, À0.1 to 1.2). There was a significant decrease in smoking intensity for very low nicotine content cigarettes with increased tar yield.Conclusions: Reductions in nicotine content did not result in compensatory changes in how intensively participants smoked research cigarettes.Impact: Combined with data from clinical trials showing a reduction in cigarettes smoked per day, these data suggest that a reduction in nicotine content is unlikely to result in increased smoke exposure.

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Mouth Level Nicotine in a Clinical Setting versus Non-clinical Setting

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

A Low-Cost, High-Throughput Digital Image Analysis of Stain Patterns on Smoked Cigarette Filter Butts to Estimate Mainstream Smoke Exposure

A Low-Cost, High-Throughput Digital Image Analysis of Stain Patterns on Smoked Cigarette Filter Butts to Estimate Mainstream Smoke Exposure

Mouth-Level Nicotine Intake Estimates from Discarded Filter Butts to Examine Compensatory Smoking in Low Nicotine Cigarettes

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