Movement and egg laying in Monarchs: To move or not to move, that is the equation

Zalucki, Myron P.; Parry, Hazel Ruth; Zalucki, Jacinta

doi:10.1111/aec.12285

Cited by 63 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(117 reference statements)

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“…Spatially implicit (Zalucki & Lammers, ) and spatially explicit individual‐based (Zalucki, ) models exist to describe host seeking behavior over the lifetime of a monarch butterfly, in which host plants both aggregated in patches and scattered across the wider landscape are utilized for egg laying (Zalucki et al ., ). In the explicit model, we examined the simulated movement distances and spatial population distribution (eggs laid) as a result of different movement rules; we varied directionality or tendency to fly in straight lines, perceptive distance or the ability of monarchs to find milkweed, their tendency to leave habitat patches, and landscape configuration (how milkweed is distributed).…”

Section: Monarch Movement and Egg Layingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Monarchs in decline: a collateral landscape‐level effect of modern agriculture

et al. 2016

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We review the postulated threatening processes that may have affected the decline in the eastern population of the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), in North America. Although there are likely multiple contributing factors, such as climate and resource-related effects on breeding, migrating, and overwintering populations, the key landscape-level change appears to be associated with the widespread use of genetically modified herbicide resistant crops that have rapidly come to dominate the extensive core summer breeding range. We dismiss misinterpretations of the apparent lack of population change in summer adult count data as logically flawed. Glyphosate-tolerant soybean and maize have enabled the extensive use of this herbicide, generating widespread losses of milkweed (Asclepias spp.), the only host plants for monarch larvae. Modeling studies that simulate lifetime realized fecundity at a landscape scale, direct counts of milkweeds, and extensive citizen science data across the breeding range suggest that a herbicide-induced, landscape-level reduction in milkweed has precipitated the decline in monarchs. A recovery will likely require a monumental effort for the re-establishment of milkweed resources at a commensurate landscape scale.

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Section: Monarch Movement and Egg Layingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Monarchs in decline: a collateral landscape‐level effect of modern agriculture

et al. 2016

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“…composition and arrangement) . These models explore the effect of landscape structure on complex processes such as mating behaviours and the evolution of resistance, and can be applied in different landscape contexts and to other species . These behavioural models have been validated against patterns evident in the field, suggesting that the essential mechanistic processes that drive population distributions are captured .…”

Section: Using Models To Inform Landscape Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A perspective on management of Helicoverpa armigera: transgenic Bt cotton, IPM, and landscapes

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et al. 2016

Pest Management Science

106

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Helicoverpa armigera is a major pest of agriculture, horticulture and floriculture throughout the Old World and recently invaded parts of the New World. We overview of the evolution in thinking about the application of area-wide approaches to assist with its control by the Australian Cotton Industry to highlight important lessons and future challenges to achieving the same in the New World. An over-reliance of broad-spectrum insecticides led to Helicoverpa spp. in Australian cotton rapidly became resistant to DDT, synthetic pyrethroids, organophosphates, carbamates and endosulfan. Voluntary strategies were developed to slow the development of insecticide resistance, which included rotating chemistries and basing spray decisions on thresholds. Despite adoption of these practices, insecticide resistance continued to develop until the introduction of genetically modified cotton provided a platform for augmenting Integrated Pest Management in the Australian cotton industry. Compliance with mandatory resistance management plans for Bt cotton necessitated a shift from pest control at the level of individual fields or farms towards a coordinated area-wide landscape approach. Our take-home message for control of H. armigera is that resistance management is essential in genetically modified crops and must be season long and area-wide to be effective. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

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“…, Zalucki et al. ). Because the majority of monarchs that overwinter in Mexico originate from the Midwest (Seiber et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monarch butterflies do not place all of their eggs in one basket: oviposition on nine Midwestern milkweed species

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Over the past two decades, the population of monarch butterflies east of the Rocky Mountains has experienced a significant decline in overwintering numbers. Habitat restoration that includes planting milkweeds is essential to boost monarch numbers within the breeding range. Milkweeds are the only host plants for larval monarch butterflies, but female oviposition preference for different milkweed species, especially those with overlapping ranges, is not well documented. We examined the relative inclination to lay eggs on nine milkweed species native to Iowa (no choice), and oviposition preference (choice) among the four most commonly occurring Iowa species (Asclepias incarnata, Asclepias syriaca, Asclepias tuberosa, and Asclepias verticillata). In both experiments, eggs were counted daily for four days. The milkweeds tested were Asclepias exaltata (poke milkweed), Asclepias hirtella (tall green milkweed), A. incarnata (swamp milkweed), Asclepias speciosa (showy milkweed), Asclepias sullivantii (prairie milkweed), A. syriaca (common milkweed), A. tuberosa (butterfly milkweed), A. verticillata (whorled milkweed), and Cynanchum laeve (honeyvine milkweed). When females were given only a single species on which to lay eggs, there were significant differences among milkweed species in the average number of eggs laid; A. incarnata had the highest average egg count. When females were given a choice among A. incarnata, A. syriaca, A. tuberosa, and A. verticillata, there were also differences among milkweed species in the number of eggs laid; again, A. incarnata had the highest average number of eggs laid. Additionally, females laid more total eggs when four plants of different milkweed species were available than when there were four plants of a single milkweed species. Our results show that monarch butterflies will lay eggs on all nine milkweeds, but that there are clear preferences for some milkweed species over others.

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Movement and egg laying in Monarchs: To move or not to move, that is the equation

Cited by 63 publications

References 57 publications

Monarchs in decline: a collateral landscape‐level effect of modern agriculture

Monarchs in decline: a collateral landscape‐level effect of modern agriculture

A perspective on management of Helicoverpa armigera: transgenic Bt cotton, IPM, and landscapes

Monarch butterflies do not place all of their eggs in one basket: oviposition on nine Midwestern milkweed species

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