Movement of nitrate through regolith covered karst terrane, northwest Arkansas

Peterson, Eric W.; Davis, Ralph K.; Brahana, J.V.; Orndorff, Holly A.

doi:10.1016/s0022-1694(01)00525-x

Cited by 68 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The proportion of runoff recharge can vary significantly and changed in the study by Ribolzi et al (2000) between 12 % for low-intensity rain fall events and 82 % for high-intensity rainfall events. In the study by Peterson et al (2002) a step multiple regression analysis technique was used. The authors state that base flow conditions had an influence of 74 % of the nitrate concentrations at the karst spring and storm events made up to 26 %.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even if higher nitrate concentrations in soil cores can be directly related to fertilisation, during storm events surface runoff is dominating in well-developed karst systems. Thus, recharging water contains mainly surface-derived nitrate and the impact of soil nitrate is only minor (Peterson et al, 2002). Zhijun et al (2010) related a higher increase in nitrate concentrations in groundwater to rapid transportation after storm events combined with previous intensive N fertilisation in the catchment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the dynamics of the system can change not only within but also across events, it is important to have high-resolution monitoring over long time periods. Long-term high-resolution monitoring can reveal rapid dilution of nitrate concentrations (Mahler et al, 2008), rapid mobilisation of nitrate concentrations (Baran et al, 2008;Plagnes and Bakalowicz, 2002;Pu et al, 2011;Yang et al, 2013) or a combination of mobilisation and dilution of nitrate concentrations during one or several rainfall events (Stueber and Criss, 2005;Rowden et al, 2001;Peterson et al, 2002).…”

Section: Huebsch Et Al: Nitrate Response Of Karst Springs To Highmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the conceptual model of the present study, the simpler dual-porosity concept is used, which is well suited to describe the nitrate characteristics of the observed karst springs. Nitrate that recharges into the diffuse flow system during a storm event can hardly change nitrate concentrations within this large groundwater storage (Peterson et al, 2002). Hence, groundwater in the diffuse flow system is characterised by relatively stable nitrate concentrations that reflect average nitrate values of groundwater recharge and long-term trends.…”

Section: Conceptual Model Of Nitrate Responses In Karst Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mobilisation or dilution? Nitrate response of karst springs to high rainfall events

Huebsch

Fenton

Horan

et al. 2014

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Nitrate (NO −3 ) contamination of groundwater associated with agronomic activity is of major concern in many countries. Where agriculture, thin free draining soils and karst aquifers coincide, groundwater is highly vulnerable to nitrate contamination. As residence times and denitrification potential in such systems are typically low, nitrate can discharge to surface waters unabated. However, such systems also react quickest to agricultural management changes that aim to improve water quality. In response to storm events, nitrate concentrations can alter significantly, i.e. rapidly decreasing or increasing concentrations. The current study examines the response of a specific karst spring situated on a grassland farm in South Ireland to rainfall events utilising high-resolution nitrate and discharge data together with onfarm borehole groundwater fluctuation data. Specifically, the objectives of the study are to formulate a scientific hypothesis of possible scenarios relating to nitrate responses during storm events, and to verify this hypothesis using additional case studies from the literature. This elucidates the controlling key factors that lead to mobilisation and/or dilution of nitrate concentrations during storm events. These were land use, hydrological condition and karstification, which in combination can lead to differential responses of mobilised and/or diluted nitrate concentrations. Furthermore, the results indicate that nitrate response in karst is strongly dependent on nutrient source, whether mobilisation and/or dilution occur and on the pathway taken. This will have consequences for the delivery of nitrate to a surface water receptor. The current study improves our understanding of nitrate responses in karst systems and therefore can guide environmental modellers, policy makers and drinking water managers with respect to the regulations of the European Union (EU) Water Framework Directive (WFD). In future, more research should focus on the high-resolution monitoring of karst aquifers to capture the high variability of hydrochemical processes, which occur at time intervals of hours to days.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Huebsch Et Al: Nitrate Response Of Karst Springs To Highmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conceptual Model Of Nitrate Responses In Karst Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mobilisation or dilution? Nitrate response of karst springs to high rainfall events

Huebsch

Fenton

Horan

et al. 2014

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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show abstract

“…In this conceptual model, soil water represents the vadose zone (not separately accounting for epikarst water) and the cave stream at baseflow represents bedrock matrix water. The epikarst is a very important zone for water storage and biogeochemical processing in karst settings (Peterson et al 2002;Laincz 2011), but because n tracers can separate n + 1 sources, the addition of epikarst source water would require an additional tracer. By quantifying the discharge of the cave stream, the flux of contaminants can be calculated and related directly to the proportions of quick-flow (q R ) and diffuse flow (q S and q B ).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Using isotopes of dissolved inorganic carbon species and water to separate sources of recharge in a cave spring, northwestern Arkansas, USA Blowing Spring Cave

Knierim

Pollock

Hays

2013

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Using isotopes of dissolved inorganic carbon species and water to separate sources of recharge in a cave spring, northwestern Arkansas, USA Blowing Spring Cave in northwestern Arkansas is representative of cave systems in the karst of the Ozark Plateaus, and stable isotopes of water (δ 18 O and δ 2 H) and inorganic carbon (δ 13 C) were used to quantify soil-water, bedrock-matrix water, and precipitation contributions to cave-spring flow during storm events to understand controls on cave water quality. water samples from recharge-zone soils and the cave were collected from March to May 2012 to implement a multicomponent hydrograph separation approach using δ O only changed by approximately 3‰ and 1‰, respectively. The isotopic compositions of precipitation and pre-event (i.e., soil and bedrock matrix) water were isotopically similar and the two-component hydrograph separation was inaccurate, either overestimating (>100%) or underestimating (<0%) the precipitation contribution to the spring. During the storm event, spring DIC and δ creased to a minimum of 8.6 mg/L and -16.2‰, respectively. If the contribution from precipitation was assumed to be zero, soil water was found to contribute between 23 to 72% of the total volume of discharge. Although the assumption of negligible contributions from precipitation is unrealistic, especially in karst systems where rapid flow through conduits occurs, the hydrograph separation using inorganic carbon highlights the importance of considering vadose-zone soil water when analyzing storm chemohydrographs.

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Effect of Runoff Dynamic on Sediment and Nitrogen Losses in an Agricultural Watershed of the Southern Shaanxi Region, China

Liu

2013

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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The southern Shaanxi region will become a water source area of the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project after 2014. However, there is little knowledge of water quality conditions in the region. Therefore, 12 rainfall events were monitored to investigate the effect of runoff dynamics on sediment and nitrogen (N) losses during the 2011 rainy season in the Hougou agricultural watershed. The results showed that at the seedling stage (SS), most of the rainfall contributed to an increase in the soil water content, both runoff and sediment yield were small, and there was a significant linear correlation between runoff and sediment yield (r ¼ 0.957, p < 0.01). Despite an increase in vegetation coverage at the vigorous stage (VS), both runoff and sediment yield clearly increased with increasing rainfall, and there was a significant power function relationship between runoff and sediment yield (r ¼ 0.922, p < 0.01). In addition, there was a significant linear correlation between runoff and sediment yield (r ¼ 0.981, p < 0.01) at the harvest stage (HS). The best fit equations among N losses (N) and runoff (R), sediment yield (S) is N ¼ aR b S c , and the method proposed was available to reduce relative error for calculation of N losses during the 2011 rainy season.

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Movement of nitrate through regolith covered karst terrane, northwest Arkansas

Cited by 68 publications

References 5 publications

Mobilisation or dilution? Nitrate response of karst springs to high rainfall events

Mobilisation or dilution? Nitrate response of karst springs to high rainfall events

Using isotopes of dissolved inorganic carbon species and water to separate sources of recharge in a cave spring, northwestern Arkansas, USA Blowing Spring Cave

Effect of Runoff Dynamic on Sediment and Nitrogen Losses in an Agricultural Watershed of the Southern Shaanxi Region, China

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