Movement Vigor as a Reflection of Subjective Economic Utility

Shadmehr, Reza; Reppert, Thomas R.; Summerside, Erik M.; Yoon, Tehrim; Ahmed, Alaa A.

doi:10.1016/j.tins.2019.02.003

Cited by 154 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The significant correlation ( Figure 6) indicates that subjects who are slower to initiate a 617 movement in the small target trials of the DR task are also the subjects who adjust their decision 618 policy the most in these difficult trials in the tokens task. The former result is consistent with data 619 suggesting that effortful movements discount reward value, thus motivation, delaying the initiation 620 of movements (Summerside et al, 2018;Shadmehr et al, 2019). This relationship thus suggests 621 that economic principles governing behavior utility in non-decision tasks extends to decision-622 making.…”

Section: A Flexible Mechanism For Regulating Decision and Movement Dusupporting

confidence: 66%

Humans sacrifice decision-making for action execution when a demanding control of movement is required

Reynaud

Lunazzi

Thura

2020

Preprint

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ABSTRACTA growing body of evidence suggests that decision-making and action execution are governed by partly overlapping operating principles. Especially, previous work proposed that a shared decision urgency/movement vigor signal, possibly computed in the basal ganglia, coordinates both deliberation and movement durations in a way that maximizes the reward rate. Recent data support one aspect of this hypothesis, indicating that the urgency level at which a decision is made influences the vigor of the movement produced to express this choice. Here we investigated whether conversely, the motor context in which a movement is executed determines decision speed and accuracy. Twenty human subjects performed a probabilistic decision task in which perceptual choices were expressed by reaching movements toward targets whose size and distance from a starting position varied in distinct blocks of trials. We found strong evidence for an influence of the motor context on most of the subjects’ decision policy but contrary to the predictions of the “shared regulation” hypothesis, we observed that slow movements executed in the most demanding motor blocks in terms of accuracy were often preceded by faster and less accurate decisions compared to blocks of trials in which big targets allowed expression of choices with fast and inaccurate movements. These results suggest that decision-making and motor control are not regulated by one unique “invigoration” signal determining both decision urgency and action vigor, but more likely by independent, yet interacting, decision urgency and movement vigor signals.NEW & NOTEWORTHYRecent hypotheses propose that choices and movements share optimization principles derived from economy, possibly implemented by one unique context-dependent regulation signal determining both processes speed. In the present behavioral study conducted on human subjects, we demonstrate that action properties indeed influence perceptual decision-making, but that decision duration and action vigor are actually independently set depending on the difficulty of the movement executed to report a choice.

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Section: A Flexible Mechanism For Regulating Decision and Movement Dusupporting

confidence: 66%

Humans sacrifice decision-making for action execution when a demanding control of movement is required

Reynaud

Lunazzi

Thura

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Although there are currently no commonly accepted definitions of movement vigor, in the context of elementary, stimulusdriven movements such as saccades and reaching, one useful definition is the inverse of the time from stimulus onset to movement completion, conditioned on distance (Shadmehr et al, 2019). This definition is based on the empirical observation that both reaction time and movement duration are influenced by the subjective value of the reward at the destination (Kawagoe et al, 1998;Milstein and Dorris, 2007;Xu-Wilson et al, 2009;Haith et al, 2012;Manohar et al, 2015;Reppert et al, 2015;Summerside et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, when the expected reward is large, saccades (Kawagoe et al, 1998;Milstein and Dorris, 2007;Xu-Wilson et al, 2009) and reaching movements (Summerside et al, 2018) toward the reward site have shorter reaction times and higher peak velocities than when the expected reward is smaller. That is, the reciprocal of the time it takes to arrive at the reward site, which we can operationally define as vigor (Shadmehr et al, 2019), is modulated with reward magnitude. This link between expected reward and movement vigor may be partly due to the function of the basal ganglia (Kawagoe et al, 2004;Tachibana and Hikosaka, 2012) and release of dopamine (da Silva et al, 2018), raising the possibility that before every movement, the dopamine that is released in response to the stimulus partly controls the vigor of the ensuing movement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reward Prediction Error Modulates Saccade Vigor

2019

Self Cite

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Movement vigor, defined as the reciprocal of the latency from availability of reward to its acquisition, changes with reward magnitude: movements exhibit shorter reaction time and increased velocity when they are directed toward more rewarding stimuli. This invigoration may be due to release of dopamine before movement onset, which has been shown to be modulated by events that signal reward prediction error (RPE). Here, we generated an RPE event in the milliseconds before movement onset and tested whether there was a relationship between RPE and vigor. Human subjects (both sexes) made saccades toward an image. During execution of the primary saccade, we probabilistically changed the position and content of that image, encouraging a secondary saccade. On some trials, the content of the secondary image was more valuable than the first image, resulting in a positive RPE (ϩRPE) event that preceded the secondary saccade. On other trials, this content was less valuable (ϪRPE event). We found that reaction time of the secondary saccade was affected in an orderly fashion by the magnitude and direction of the preceding RPE event: the most vigorous saccades followed the largest ϩRPE, whereas the least vigorous saccades followed the largest ϪRPE. Presence of the secondary saccade indicated that the primary saccade had experienced a movement error, inducing trial-to-trial adaptation. However, this learning from movement error was not modulated by the RPE event. The data suggest that RPE events, which are thought to transiently alter the release of dopamine, modulate the vigor of the ensuing movement.

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“…We also measured perseverance, latencies, and vigor. Vigor has been found to be an implicit measure for the subjective utility of the outcome (Shadmehr et al, 2019). Perseverance is the duration of search relative to one's metacognitive ability.…”

Section: The Precision and Motivation Task -A Simple Foraging Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has led researchers to explore other possibilities, now suggesting that individuals with negative symptoms have deficits in a range of reward-related processes, making it difficult to translate reward information into motivated behavior (Blanchard and Cohen, 2006;Whitton et al, 2015;Barch et al, 2016). This has been proposed as a deficit of vigor, the speed of activities toward a goal, dependent on the computation of reward expectation, i.e., subjective goodness of an option, and effort (Shadmehr et al, 2019).…”

Section: Motivation Vigor and Effort-based Decision Making In Psychmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosis and Psychotic-Like Symptoms Affect Cognitive Abilities but Not Motivation in a Foraging Task

et al. 2020

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Background and Objective: Goal-directed behavior is a central feature of human functioning. It requires goal appraisal and implicit cost-benefit analyses, i.e., how much effort to invest in the pursuit of a certain goal, against its value and a confidence judgment regarding the chance of attainment. Persons with severe mental illness such as psychosis often struggle with reaching goals. Cognitive deficits, positive symptoms restricting balanced judgment, and negative symptoms such as anhedonia and avolition may compromise goal attainment. The objective of this study was to investigate to what degree symptom severity is related to cognitive abilities, metacognition, and effort-based decision-making in a visual search task. Methods: Two studies were conducted: study 1: N = 52 (healthy controls), and study 2: N = 46 (23 patients with psychosis/23 matched healthy controls). Symptoms were measured by the CAPE-42 (study 1) and the PANSS (study 2). By using a visual search task, we concomitantly measured (a) accuracy in short-term memory, (b) perceived accuracy by participants making a capture area or confidence interval, and (c) effort by measuring how long one searched for the target. Perseverance was assessed in trials in which the target was omitted and search had to be abandoned. Results: Higher levels of positive symptoms, and having a diagnosis of psychosis, were associated with larger errors in memory. Participants adjusted both their capture area and their search investment to the error of their memory. Perseverance was associated with negative symptoms in study 1 but not in study 2. Conclusion: By simultaneously assessing error and confidence in one's memory, as well as effort in search, we found that memory was affected by positive, not negative, symptoms in healthy controls, and was reduced in patients with psychosis. However, impaired memory did not concur with overconfidence or less effort in search, i.e., goal directed behavior was unrelated to symptoms or diagnosis. Metacognition and motivation were neither affected by cognitive abilities nor by negative symptoms. Clinically, this could indicate that struggles with goal directed behavior in psychosis may not solely be dependent on primary illness factors.

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Movement Vigor as a Reflection of Subjective Economic Utility

Cited by 154 publications

References 80 publications

Humans sacrifice decision-making for action execution when a demanding control of movement is required

Humans sacrifice decision-making for action execution when a demanding control of movement is required

Reward Prediction Error Modulates Saccade Vigor

Psychosis and Psychotic-Like Symptoms Affect Cognitive Abilities but Not Motivation in a Foraging Task

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