“…On the other hand, this disaster now needs to be managed, and research has shown that corruption increases during governance, as it interferes with many activities (Ha, 2023;Hodgson & Jiang, 2007;Lewis, 2008;Ruiz, 2021). This means that urgent measures must be taken to control this scourge, so it is important to work on the ethical culture around the fight against corruption and implement policy measures such as those discussed in this section.…”