MPC for battery/fuel cell hybrid vehicles including fuel cell dynamics and battery performance improvement

Evaluation of a Long Term System coupled with a Short Term System of a hydrogen-based microgrid

“…To solve this problem, the future predictions of the H 2 production are expressed as a function of the future control actions and the past values of the input and outputs using the electrolyzer models. Thus, using equation (10) with all the system constraints and the electrolyzer models, it can be shown that the optimization problem to be solved at each sample time is (11).…”

“…Lin and Zheng [10] propose a strategy based on adaptative control using neural networks. Different studies associated to management of microgrids with hybrid storage propose the hysteresis method [11,12] where the electrolyzers are activated depending on the state of charge (SOC) of batteries and ultracapacitors. More specifically, MPC has been used [13] to solve the problem of connections/disconnections of the electrolyzers and its integration with storage devices such as batteries or ultracapacitors.…”

Sizing for fuel cell/supercapacitor hybrid vehicles based on stochastic driving cycles

“…Model predictive control oriented towards energy management has been used [18]. In [19], a stochastic self-optimizing power management strategy for a fuel cell/battery-powered hybrid electric scooter is proposed.…”

Fuel cell and power control for a hybrid vehicle. Experimental results

“…Recently, Model Predictive Control (MPC) [4] is appearing as a practical alternative for power management method in hybrid vehicles. Different applications can be found in [5], [6], [7], although there is still a lack of experimental results. The recent work by Geng [8] integrates ECMS with a second control stage, which is a tracking controller designed to track the local control reference with respect to the fuel cell health constraints and other physical limitations at the current control step.…”