MR findings of lithium-related kidney disease: preliminary observations in four patients

Roque, Andreia; Herédia, Vasco; Ramalho, Miguel; Campos, Rafael de Morais; Ferreira, Ana Paula Bonilauri; Azevedo, Rebeca Souza; Semelka, Richard C.

doi:10.1007/s00261-011-9745-6

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Renal size may be a good diagnostic clue for differentiating lithium toxicity from other chronic parenchymal diseases that mostly result in renal atrophy. This finding was also observed on MRI in a previous study (5,12).…”

Section: Cortical Echogenicitysupporting

confidence: 76%

Imaging findings of renal toxicity in patients on chronic lithium therapy

Karaosmanoğlu

Butros²,

Arellano³

2013

Diagn Interv Radiol

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Lithium salts are the mainstay of treatment of bipolar disorder. However, the therapeutic index of lithium is narrow, and severe side effects may be seen. Nephrotoxicity is the most important side effect, which may progress to chronic renal failure. In this pictorial essay, we present ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging findings of renal toxicity secondary to chronic lithium use. We believe that imaging could be extremely helpful for the evaluation of renal toxicity and may even detect preclinical stages of renal parenchymal injury. A combination of different imaging modalities may help clarify findings detected on one modality.

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Section: Cortical Echogenicitysupporting

confidence: 76%

Imaging findings of renal toxicity in patients on chronic lithium therapy

Karaosmanoğlu

Butros²,

Arellano³

2013

Diagn Interv Radiol

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“…Kidney collecting duct cells are a well-known target of lithium, with kidney injury and disease being a common side effect of lithium treatment for psychiatric disorders [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. The mechanism of lithium toxicity to collecting duct cells is related to the epithelial sodium channels (passive transport into the cell) having a greater affinity for lithium versus sodium and the sodium efflux ATPase pump having a lower affinity for lithium leading to accumulation within the cell [ 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Photoinitiator Lithium Phenyl (2,4,6-Trimethylbenzoyl) Phosphinate with Exposure to 405 nm Light Is Cytotoxic to Mammalian Cells but Not Mutagenic in Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assays

et al. 2020

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Lithium phenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphinate (LAP) is a free radical photo-initiator used to initiate free radical chain polymerization upon light exposure, and is combined with gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) to produce a photopolymer used in bioprinting. The free radicals produced under bioprinting conditions are potentially cytotoxic and mutagenic. Since these photo-generated free radicals are highly-reactive but short-lived, toxicity assessments should be conducted with light exposure. In this study, photorheology determined that 10 min exposure to 9.6 mW/cm2 405 nm light from an LED light source fully crosslinked 10 wt % GelMA with >3.4 mmol/L LAP, conditions that were used for subsequent cytotoxicity and mutagenicity assessments. These conditions were cytotoxic to M-1 mouse kidney collecting duct cells, a cell type susceptible to lithium toxicity. Exposure to ≤17 mmol/L (0.5 wt %) LAP without light was not cytotoxic; however, concurrent exposure to ≥3.4 mmol/L LAP and light was cytotoxic. No condition of LAP and/or light exposure evaluated was mutagenic in bacterial reverse mutation assays using S. typhimurium strains TA98, TA100 and E. coli WP2 uvrA. These data indicate that the combination of LAP and free radicals generated from photo-excited LAP is cytotoxic, but mutagenicity was not observed in bacteria under typical bioprinting conditions.

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“…Chronic lithium nephropathy (CLN) is caused by long-term treatment with lithium salts that result in chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy. In up to 62% of cases with CLN, typical findings of multiple small cysts (<2 mm) localized in both the cortex and the medulla uniformly and symmetrically distributed are observed [36]. Due to small size, cysts may not be recognized with ultrasound in some patients and magnetic resonance imaging is required for delineation.…”

Section: Figure 6 Ultrasound Images Of Different Renal Cystic Diseasmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Kidney

Ayaz¹

2019

Essentials of Abdominal Ultrasound

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Ultrasound and conventional radiographs still remain the first-line radiological tools for most of the kidney disorders. Ultrasonographic image quality has been astonishingly improved in recent years with the development of technology and software algorithms. In line with these developments, ultrasound is not only the primary imaging modality for kidney anatomy and lesions, but also sufficient for definitive diagnosis and follow up for some lesions. The aim of this chapter is to focus on the areas that ultrasound is used primarily about the kidney. These topics include kidney anatomy, anatomic variants that mimic lesions, congenital diseases, kidney stones, nephrocalcinosis, most of the cystic diseases, and some solid lesions, infection, and trauma.

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MR findings of lithium-related kidney disease: preliminary observations in four patients

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Imaging findings of renal toxicity in patients on chronic lithium therapy

Imaging findings of renal toxicity in patients on chronic lithium therapy

The Photoinitiator Lithium Phenyl (2,4,6-Trimethylbenzoyl) Phosphinate with Exposure to 405 nm Light Is Cytotoxic to Mammalian Cells but Not Mutagenic in Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assays

The Kidney

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