MR Measurement of Visceral Fat: Assessment of Metabolic Syndrome

Tanaka, Shigeko; Yoshiyama, Minoru; Imanishi, Yukihiro; Nakahira, Koichi; Hanaki, Takashi; Naito, Yukari; Imai, Mizue; Tanaka, Masahiro

doi:10.2463/mrms.5.207

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…According to the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) criteria, waist circumference of 40 inches or more for men and 35 inches or more for women is a risk factor for development of metabolic syndrome. At the annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine in April 2005, one of the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome is abdominal circumference of 85 cm (33.46 inches) for men and 90 cm (35.43 inches) for women, measured at the umbilical level [14]. However, subcutaneous and visceral fat cannot be differentially evaluated by measuring only abdominal circumference.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum nitric oxide metabolite as a biomarker of visceral fat accumulation: Clinical significance of measurement for nitrate/nitrite

et al. 2011

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SummaryBackgroundA visceral fat area of more than 100 cm2 as measured by computed tomography (CT) at the umbilical level has been included as a criterion for obesity in all the proposed criteria for metabolic syndrome. However, CT cannot be used frequently because of radiation exposure. We evaluated the usefulness of measurement of the serum levels of nitric oxide (NO), instead of CT and the waist circumference, as a marker of abdominal visceral fat accumulation.Material/MethodsThe study was carried out in 80 subjects. The serum levels of NO metabolites (nitrate/nitrite) were measured using the Griess reagent.ResultsSimple and multiple regression analysis revealed that the serum levels of NO metabolites showed the greatest degree of correlation with the visceral fat area (r=0.743, p<0.0001), and corresponded to a visceral fat area of 100 cm2, as determined using the ROC curve, was 21.0 μmol/ml (sensitivity 88%, specificity 82%); this method was more sensitive than the waist circumference for evaluation of the visceral fat accumulation.ConclusionsMeasurement of the serum levels of NO metabolites may be a simple, safe, convenient and reliable method for the evaluation of visceral fat accumulation in clinical diagnostic screening.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum nitric oxide metabolite as a biomarker of visceral fat accumulation: Clinical significance of measurement for nitrate/nitrite

et al. 2011

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“…However, the use of CT for medical check ups is undesirable because of the risks associated with radiation exposure. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography are suitable modalities in this context and are also used for fat quantification [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. MRI requires a short examination time for simple inspections, as in CT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat quantification by use of phase change in dual-echo magnetic resonance imaging

Ishimori

Monma

Sakurai

et al. 2007

Radiol Phys Technol

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The demand for measurement of visceral fat in medical checkups is increasing because of attention to central obesity. Computed tomography is widely used for this purpose, but carries risks associated with radiation exposure. Fast imaging with a dual-echo technique acquiring water and fat signals both in-phase and out-of-phase using magnetic resonance imaging is desirable, but not all scanners are capable of this technique. We tried to quantify fat content by using a dual-echo gradient echo pulse sequence with an arbitrary echo time (TE) set. We calculated the phase change during the TE interval and extracted the region of fat by threshold processing. Variations in the precision of counting fat pixels caused by differences between TE1 and TE2 were measured in phantom experiments. We then evaluated the validity of this method by examination of a volunteer. The phantom study showed a large error when the TE interval was a multiple of the in-phase time for fat and water, and the error increased according to the prolongation of the TE. In the human study, phase wrapping readily occurred in the phase-change image. However, the region of fat was easily extracted with high-pass filtering. The fat signal can also be extracted by use of scanners that cannot be set simultaneously to in-phase and out-of-phase TE.

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“…3,4 We used MR imaging to measure the area and volume of visceral fat. 5,6 We tried to measure the volume of epicardial adipose tissue, a major source of adipocytokine, [7][8][9] by water-suppression-spectral presaturation with inversion recovery (WS-SPIR) 3D T1 turboˆeld echo (TFE) 10 and obtained remarkable contrast between fats (subcutaneous, paracardial, and epicardial fat) and other structures and clearly visualized the outer margins of coronary arteries. The external elastic membrane cross-section of the coronary artery, comprising lumen and wall, may increase (termed``positive remodeling'') to accommodate increasing plaque burden.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualization of Coronary Arterial Wall Based on Maximum Intensity Fusion of Whole-Heart MR Angiograms and Water Suppression SPIR 3D T1 TFE Images

et al. 2009

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Purpose: We estimated the coronary artery wall using maximum intensity fusion (MIF) of whole-heart magnetic resonance (MR) angiography (WHCA) and water suppressionspectral presaturation with inversion recovery (WS-SPIR) 3D T 1 -weighted turboˆeld echo (3DT 1 TFE).Methods: We created a phantom using a wall of plastic bottles varied with plastic tapes measuring 0.4 to 3.0 mm thick (0-14 sheets) by vernier caliper and compared widths with those on proˆle curves.In 3 patients, to clarify the capacity to visualize the coronary wall in vulnerable plaque, we acquired WS-SPIR 3D T 1 TFE and WS-spectral attenuation with inversion recovery (SPAIR) (inversion time [TI] 400 ms) 3D T 1 TFE images of carotid vulnerable plaque; also termed``lipid-rich plaque,'' vulnerable plaque is considered to be visualized in high intensity.We utilized the same geometric parameters and rest period on WHCA as for WS-SPIR 3D T 1 TFE. We obtained MIF of WHCA and WS-SPIR 3D T 1 TFE and measured thickness of the right coronary artery (RCA) wall on the proˆle curve in 18 cases.Results: The widths of the dip of the lower third of the bottom to head on the proˆle curve were consistent with actual measurement at 1-2 mm, the usual coronary artery wall thickness. Carotid plaques of high intensity by T 1 -weighted black-blood (T 1 BB) and T 2 -weighted BB (T 2 BB) methods showed high intensity on WS-SPAIR (TI 400 ms) 3D T 1 TFE and low intensity on WS-SPIR 3D T 1 TFE. With or without vulnerable plaque in the coronary artery wall, MIF of WHCA and WS-SPIR 3D T 1 TFE re‰ected the coronary artery wall. We obtained bands of low intensity in MIF between epicardial fat of WS-SPIR 3D T 1 TFE and coronary artery lumen of WHCA all but mid RCA in all 18 cases. We were unable to detect mid RCA in 5 cases. The outline of the obstructed mid RCA in 1 case was clear in WS-SPIR 3D T 1 TFE. The higher velocity of RCA movement caused blurring in another 4 cases in both WHCA and WS-SPIR 3D T 1 TFE. Those wall thickness of proximal or mid RCA averaged 1.3±0.2 mm.Conclusion: Bands of low intensity between epicardial fat and coronary artery lumen on MIF of WHCA and WS-SPIR 3D T 1 TFE can re‰ect the coronary artery wall.

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MR Measurement of Visceral Fat: Assessment of Metabolic Syndrome

Cited by 20 publications

References 2 publications

Serum nitric oxide metabolite as a biomarker of visceral fat accumulation: Clinical significance of measurement for nitrate/nitrite

Serum nitric oxide metabolite as a biomarker of visceral fat accumulation: Clinical significance of measurement for nitrate/nitrite

Fat quantification by use of phase change in dual-echo magnetic resonance imaging

Visualization of Coronary Arterial Wall Based on Maximum Intensity Fusion of Whole-Heart MR Angiograms and Water Suppression SPIR 3D T1 TFE Images

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